Static work load and endurance times
bookPart
Many work situations require postures that have to be maintained for an extended period of time, such as machinery operation, assembly, and at a video display unit. A sustained posture (with or without external force exertion) creates a static load, and the muscles involved contract continuously without shortening or lengthening. Static contraction leads to muscle fatigue. For example, approximately one-third of workers in the European Union are involved in painful or tiring postures for more than half the working day (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1997). Pain and fatigue may lead to musculoskeletal diseases, reduced productivity, and deteriorated posture and movement control. The latter can increase the risk of errors and may reduce quality of work while increasing hazardous situations. Sick leave and disability of (skilled) workers directly affect production costs. Static load can be reduced by improving postures through workstation and tool optimization, reducing the holding time of postures, and providing sufficient and properly distributed rest pauses. Variation between and within sitting, standing, and walking is indispensable.
Topics
TNO Identifier
9616
ISBN
0-87263-485-X
Publisher
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME)
Source title
Ergonomics in Manufacturing; Raising productivity trough workplace improvement
Editor(s)
Karwowski, W.
Salvendy, G.
Salvendy, G.
Place of publication
Dearnborn
Pages
135-151
Files
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