Geological surface models of the Netherlands
bookPart
TNO – Geological Survey of the Netherlands, builds and maintains a suite of 3D national subsurface models. Down to a depth of about 7 km, DGM-deep maps Carboniferous to Neogene seismo stratigraphic horizons, using exploration data that energy and mining companies must submit to the Survey under the Mining Act. Down to about 500 m, the country is covered by the layer-based models DGM and REGIS II. DGM maps the geometries of Neogene to Quaternary lithostratigraphic units. REGIS II further subdivides DGM into hydraulically parameterized hydrogeological units and is essential to regional groundwater flow models. Down to a depth of 50 m below mean sea level (NAP), the multi purpose GeoTOP model maps both lithostratigraphy and lithology of the shallow subsurface in a detailed 3D voxel model. A fourth set of models addresses the Quaternary stratigraphic record of the North Sea down to a depth of ca. 30 m below the seabed. This chapter describes input data and interpretation, modelling approaches and the general application of each of the models. An assessment of model uncertainties is included because the models are constructed using point and/or line observations each of which has a specific spatial density and quality. Next, the effects of the key registry of the subsurface (BRO) on the modelling approach with a focus on quality control is described. Later, the visualization of the models on web portals and in stand alone software packages is described and is followed by a number of case studies presenting innovative methods. The chapter concludes with perspectives for systematic modelling in the Netherlands
Topics
TNO Identifier
1013592
Publisher
Amsterdam University Press
Source title
Geology of the Netherlands
Pages
849-895