Applications of quantum sensing to aerial magnetic navigation

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) serves as a critical tool for both military and civilian operations
worldwide. However, its limitations in certain operational environments and vulnerability to interference or
jamming have become increasingly apparent in recent years. Quantum technology has emerged as a crucial
enabler of alternative solutions. In this presentation, our focus will be on the magnetic aided inertial navigation
system (MAINS), which has shown promise as a navigation alternative in GNSS-denied environments. MAINS
leverages anomalies in the Earth’s magnetic field, often referred to as magnetic anomaly maps, to assist inertial
navigation systems and correct drift. In general, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) in combination
with classical vector sensors are employed to measure the magnetic field. OPMs collect precise and accurate
measurements of the magnetic field intensity, while vector sensors provide information on its direction. This
directional information is crucial for successfully estimating and removing the platform’s own magnetic field.
Additionally, to minimize the magnetic influence of the navigation platform, these sensors should be situated
as far as possible from the platform itself, such as on a stinger behind the aircraft. However, integrating
these sensors into smaller platforms like drones presents significant challenges, particularly in mitigating the
platform’s own magnetic interference, which may overshadow magnetic anomalies. In this paper, we will discuss
the challenges associated with using quantum sensors for drone navigation and explore noise compensation
algorithms. Additionally, we will share the results of our measurement campaign conducted on a fixed-wing
drone. Lastly, we will examine how NV magnetometers could potentially improve noise compensation algorithms
by employing more accurate vector measurements.