Barriers to demand response
report
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions implies electrifying demand and
decarbonising electricity production. Decarbonising electricity production is for the most part achieved by increasing the production from variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. The increasing share of VRE production increases demand for flexibility to balance supply and demand. This flexibility can be supplied by some combination of electricity storage, cross-border trade, dispatchable production, curtailment of VRE and demand response (DR). Of these flexibility sources DR is of increasing interest.1 To analyse the effect of an increasing share of VRE on the energy system, energy models are used to model the supply and demand of flexibility. TNO has worked on modelling the supply and demand for flexibility since the FLEXNET project and several follow-up projects (Sijm et al., 2017, 2020). An accurate representation of DR in energy models is important to draw valid conclusions on the supply and demand for flexibility. Therefore, TNO recently updated the COMPETES model by including four demand response technologies (Sijm et al., 2022) based on the theoretical framework described in (Morales-España et al., 2022). The included DR technologies are:
1 Power-to-hydrogen (P2H2);
2 Hybrid industrial boilers;
3 All-electric residential heat pumps; and
4 Electric vehicles (EVs).
decarbonising electricity production. Decarbonising electricity production is for the most part achieved by increasing the production from variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. The increasing share of VRE production increases demand for flexibility to balance supply and demand. This flexibility can be supplied by some combination of electricity storage, cross-border trade, dispatchable production, curtailment of VRE and demand response (DR). Of these flexibility sources DR is of increasing interest.1 To analyse the effect of an increasing share of VRE on the energy system, energy models are used to model the supply and demand of flexibility. TNO has worked on modelling the supply and demand for flexibility since the FLEXNET project and several follow-up projects (Sijm et al., 2017, 2020). An accurate representation of DR in energy models is important to draw valid conclusions on the supply and demand for flexibility. Therefore, TNO recently updated the COMPETES model by including four demand response technologies (Sijm et al., 2022) based on the theoretical framework described in (Morales-España et al., 2022). The included DR technologies are:
1 Power-to-hydrogen (P2H2);
2 Hybrid industrial boilers;
3 All-electric residential heat pumps; and
4 Electric vehicles (EVs).
Topics
TNO Identifier
965723
Publisher
TNO
Collation
71 p.
Place of publication
Petten