Gaps in current emission enforcement regulations and impacts to real-world emissions. Deliverable D5.1
report
This study identifies gaps related to emission regulations for ships with a focus on enforcement. The aim is to
investigate how existing regulations ensure compliance with the legislations on emissions to air. The report starts by
listing the regulations and presents an overview of regulatory standards for emissions of SO2, PM, and NOX. In
addition, expected and coming regulations are included. International shipping, in Emission Controls Areas and
globally, are treated in more detail than regional and national initiatives. To some extent also emission regulations of
HC, CO, and PN, which mainly apply to inland waterway vessels, are included.
A selection of mature abatement technologies that are used on ships to comply with the emission regulations is
described. This aims at presenting how ships can be equipped to meet the regulatory standards, and the effects on
emissions from different compliance technologies. The performance of some of the technologies is influenced by the
fuel quality while others are more dependent on combustion specifics. An important example of the latter is Selective
Catalytic Reduction (SCR), where the performance depends on exhaust gas temperature. SCR is a technology that
can be expected to have an increased installation rate on new ships for compliance with IMO’s NOX Tier III
regulations. It is common for the abatement technologies to be associated with some unregulated emissions that are
potentially harmful for the environment. Examples are the methane slip from certain LNG engines, the ammonia slip
from overdosage of urea in SCRs, and the discharge of scrubber wash water to the marine environment
investigate how existing regulations ensure compliance with the legislations on emissions to air. The report starts by
listing the regulations and presents an overview of regulatory standards for emissions of SO2, PM, and NOX. In
addition, expected and coming regulations are included. International shipping, in Emission Controls Areas and
globally, are treated in more detail than regional and national initiatives. To some extent also emission regulations of
HC, CO, and PN, which mainly apply to inland waterway vessels, are included.
A selection of mature abatement technologies that are used on ships to comply with the emission regulations is
described. This aims at presenting how ships can be equipped to meet the regulatory standards, and the effects on
emissions from different compliance technologies. The performance of some of the technologies is influenced by the
fuel quality while others are more dependent on combustion specifics. An important example of the latter is Selective
Catalytic Reduction (SCR), where the performance depends on exhaust gas temperature. SCR is a technology that
can be expected to have an increased installation rate on new ships for compliance with IMO’s NOX Tier III
regulations. It is common for the abatement technologies to be associated with some unregulated emissions that are
potentially harmful for the environment. Examples are the methane slip from certain LNG engines, the ammonia slip
from overdosage of urea in SCRs, and the discharge of scrubber wash water to the marine environment
Topics
TNO Identifier
988553
Publisher
TNO
Collation
34 p.