Interlaboratory comparison of angular-dependent photovoltaic device measurements: results and impact on energy rating
article
Riedel-Lyngskær, N.
Santamaría Lancia, A.A.
Plag, F.
Kröger, I.
Vogt, M.R.
Schinke, C.
Davidsen, R.S.
Amdemeskel, M.
Jansen, M.J.
Manshanden, P.
Slooff-Hoek, L.H.
Carr, A.J.
Bliss, M.
Betts, T.
Mayo, M.E.
Jauregui, I.P.
Balenzategui, J.L
Roldan, R.
Bellenda, G.
Caccivio, M.
Kräling, U.
Neuberger, F.
Zirzow, D.
Crimmins, J.
Robinson, C.
King, B.
Teasdale, W.
Kedir, C.
Watts, J.
Desharnais, R.
Poulsen, P.B.
Jakobsen, M.L.
Reis Benatto, G.A. dos
This paper presents the results from an extensive interlaboratory comparison of angular-dependent measurements on encapsulated photovoltaic (PV) cells. Twelve international laboratories measure the incident angle modifier of two unique PV devices. The absolute measurement agreement is ±2.0% to the weighted mean for angles of incidence (AOI) < 65 degrees, but from 70 degrees to 85 degrees, the range of measurement deviations increases rapidly from 2.5% to 23%. The proficiency of the measurements is analysed using the expanded uncertainties published by seven of the laboratories, and it is found that most of the angular-dependent measurements are reproducible for AOI < 80 degrees. However, at 85 degrees one laboratory's measurement does not agree to the weighted mean within the stated uncertainty, and measurement uncertainty as high as 16% is needed for the laboratories without uncertainty to be comparable. The poor agreement obtained at 85 degrees indicates that the PV community should place minimal reliance on angular-dependent measurements made at this extreme angle until improvements can be demonstrated. The cloud-based Daidalos ray tracing model is used to simulate the angular-dependent losses of the mono-Si device, and it is found that the simulation agrees to the median measurement within 0,6% for AOI < 70 degrees and within 1.4% for AOU < 80 degrees. Finally, the impact that the angular-dependent measurement deviations have on climate specific energy rating (CSER) is evaluated for the six climates described in the IEC 61853-4 standard. When one outlier measurement is excluded, the angular-dependent measurements reported in this work cause a 1.0% - 1.8% range in CSER and a 1.0% - 1.5% range in annual energy yield, depending on the climate.
Topics
TNO Identifier
884813
Source
Progress in photovoltaics, pp. 1-19.
Publisher
Wiley
Collation
19 p.
Place of publication
New York, NY, USA
Pages
1-19
Files
To receive the publication files, please send an e-mail request to TNO Repository.