Behavioral response study on the effects of continuous sonar and the effects of source proximity on sperm Whales in Norwegian waters: The S3-2017-CAS cruise report
report
Modern long range anti-submarine warfare sonars transmit powerful sound pulses which might have a negative impact on marine mammals. Behavioral response studies (BRS) conducted by research groups in the US (the AUTEC project 2006-2009 (Tyack et al. 2011) and the SOCAL project 2010-2016 (Southall et al. 2012)) and in Norway (the Sea Mammals and Sonar Safety (3S) projects: 3S1 2006-2010 (Miller et al. 2011) and 3S2 2011-2015 (Kvadsheim et al. 2015)) over the past 10 years have shown large variation in responsiveness between different species, but also variation within a species depending on the behavioral context of the animals and probably also other factors. Behavioral responses such as avoidance of the sonar source, cessation of feeding, changes in dive behavior and changes in vocal and social behavior have been observed, and response thresholds determined threshold close xxx relationships. Results from BRS have helped navies to comply with international guidelines for stewardship of the environment, as well as rules and resolutions within Europe and the USA.
TNO Identifier
840273
Publisher
TNO
Collation
115 p.
Place of publication
Den Haag