Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men
article
Purpose: Underlying mechanisms of the beneficial health effects of low glycemic index starchy foods are not fully elucidated yet. We varied the wheat particle size to obtain fiber-rich breads with a high and low glycemic response and investigated the differences in postprandial glucose kinetics and metabolic response after their consumption. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers participated in a randomized, crossover study, consuming 13C-enriched breads with different structures; a control bread (CB) made from wheat flour combined with wheat bran, and a kernel bread (KB) where 85 % of flour was substituted with broken wheat kernels. The structure of the breads was characterized extensively. The use of stable isotopes enabled calculation of glucose kinetics: rate of appearance of exogenous glucose, endogenous glucose production, and glucose clearance rate. Additionally, postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, incretins, cholecystokinin, and bile acids were analyzed. Results: Despite the attempt to obtain a bread with a low glycemic response by replacing flour by broken kernels, the glycemic response and glucose kinetics were quite similar after consumption of CB and KB. Interestingly, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response was much lower after KB compared to CB (iAUC, P < 0.005). A clear postprandial increase in plasma conjugated bile acids was observed after both meals. Conclusions: Substitution of 85 % wheat flour by broken kernels in bread did not result in a difference in glucose response and kinetics, but in a pronounced difference in GLP-1 response. Thus, changing the processing conditions of wheat for baking bread can influence the metabolic response beyond glycemia and may therefore influence health. © 2016, The Author(s). Chemicals / CAS cholecystokinin, 9011-97-6, 93443-27-7; glucagon, 11140-85-5, 62340-29-8, 9007-92-5; glucagon like peptide 1, 89750-14-1; glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; insulin, 9004-10-8; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Incretins; Insulin.
Topics
Bile acidsBread processingGlucagon-like peptide-1Glucose kineticsGlycemic indexWheat kernelsbile acid conjugatecholecystokininglucagonglucagon like peptide 1glucoseincretininsulinstable isotopeglucagonglucose blood levelincretininsulinadultappetitebileblood levelbreadbreath analysisbreathingcalculationclearancecontrolled studycrossover proceduredensityexcretionflourfood intakeglycemic indexinsulin responsekineticsmetabolismmoisturenormal humanparticle sizeporositypostprandial staterandomized controlled trialwheat branadministration and dosagechemistrydietary fiberglucose blood levelmetabolismparticle sizewheatAppetiteBile Acids and SaltsBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexBreadCross-Over StudiesDietary FiberFlourGlucagonGlucagon-Like Peptide 1HumansIncretinsInsulinMaleParticle SizePostprandial PeriodTriticumYoung Adult
TNO Identifier
954874
ISSN
14366207
Source
European Journal of Nutrition, 56(3), pp. 1063-1076.
Pages
1063-1076