Report on relevant children injury in road accidents and specification of children models

The objective is to identify the various child injury mechanisms in frontal and lateral collisions and to determine the associated physical parameters, in order to provide injury risk curves or at least to recommend limits. Priorities are given in terms of injury mechanisms necessary to be reproduced in accident reconstructions and simulations, to the head, neck, thorax and abdominal injuries in different type of impacts. The relevant injury with associated mechanical parameter is to be considered for definition of the models. This will lead to detailed model specifications which will integrate the prescript mechanical parameters into each segment models with high bio-fidelity. The current knowledge about the injury data of children in road traffic accidents was summarized in this report.
For the objective mentioned above, the general specifications were defined to develop child models with the relevant age groups. Within the CASPER project， it is expected to focalize on the models of the head-neck for youngest children (6 weeks, and 6 month, 1 year and 3
years) and on the abdomen and thorax for older children (3 and 6 years). A complete specification of child models with body segments was presented to develop a series of full body models in the Task 2.3. Finally, the size of the mathematical models was defined for each body segments in terms of the anatomical structures for the head, neck, thorax/upper-extremities, and pelvis/lowerextremities. The detailed anatomical and mechanical properties for development of the specified mathematical models will be investigated and defined in the following Task 2.2-Geometrical and mechanical properties.