Environmental stress cracking of PVC : Effects of natural gas with different amounts of benzene
article
Craze initiation, craze growth and ultimate fracture were studied in PVC (Polyvinylchloride) and PVC-CPE (PVC blend with 10% chlorinated polyethylene) under a constant load in air and in natural gas enriched with benzene. The craze initiation results are similar for PVC and PVC-CPE. The craze initiation stress is decreased dramatically at high benzene concentrations (≥ 25000 p.p.m.). Preferential and enhanced sorption of benzene molecules near surface inhomogeneities, the craze initiators, are held responsible for this phenomenon. Initial crazegrowth rates in natural gas enriched with benzene increase compared to those in air. However, in all the environments studied, a limited logarithmic craze growth is observed, and growth seems limited to this constant logarithmic interval. The logarithmic craze growth and the termination of craze growth are attributed to a reduction of the stress at the craze tip. The failure mode of PVC and PVC-CPE in air and in gas with 5000-6000 p.p.m. benzene is yielding. A brittle branch appears in the failure curve (failure stress against loading time) in the more concentrated benzene vapours. This branch is attributed to a reduction in the stability of the crazes. © 1991 Chapman & Hall.
TNO Identifier
231600
ISSN
00222461
Source
Journal of Materials Science, 26(19), pp. 5212-5220.
Publisher
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Pages
5212-5220
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