Non-exhaust emissions of PM and the efficiency of emission reduction by road sweeping and washing in the Netherlands
article
From research on PM 2.5 and PM 10 in 2007/2008 in the Netherlands, it was concluded that the coarse fraction (PM 2.5-10) attributed 60% and 50% respectively, to the urban-regional and street-urban increments of PM 10. Contrary to Scandinavian and Mediterranean countries which exhibit significant seasonal variation in the coarse fraction of particulate matter (PM), in the Netherlands the coarse fraction in PM at a street location is rather constant during the year. Non-exhaust emissions by road traffic are identified as the main source for coarse PM in urban areas. Non-exhaust emissions mainly originate from re-suspension of accumulated deposited PM and road wear related particles, while primary tire and brake wear hardly contribute to the mass of non-exhaust emissions. However, tire and brake wear can clearly be identified in the total mass through the presence of the heavy metals: zinc, a tracer for tire wear and copper, a tracer for brake wear.The efficiency of road sweeping and washing to reduce non-exhaust emissions in a street-canyon in Amsterdam was investigated. The increments of the coarse fraction at a kerbside location and a housing façade location versus the urban background were measured at days with and without sweeping and washing. It was concluded that this measure did not significantly reduce non-exhaust emissions.
Topics
Non-exhaust emissionsTraffic emissionsCoarse fractionsEmission reductionExhaust emissionsMediterranean countriesRe-suspensionRoad trafficRoad wearSeasonal variationTire wearUrban areasAir pollutionHeavy metalsParticulate emissionsEmission controlExhaust gasMeteorological phenomenaMotor vehicle tires
TNO Identifier
409261
ISSN
00489697
Source
Science of the Total Environment, 408(20), pp. 4591-4599.
Publisher
Elsevier
Collation
9 p.
Place of publication
Amsterdam
Pages
4591-4599
Files
To receive the publication files, please send an e-mail request to TNO Repository.