Of the major phenolic acids formed during human microbial fermentation of tea, citrus, and soy flavonoid supplements, only 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid has antiproliferative activity
article
Dietary flavonoids are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Colonic bacteria convert flavonoids into smaller phenolic acids (PA), which can be absorbed into the circulation and may contribute to the chemopreventive activity of the parent compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine whether flavonoids from green and black tea (GT, BT), citrus fruit with rutin (CF+R) and soy (S) supplements exposed to the same conditions in a dynamic in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) will form the same phenolic acid products of microbial metabolism. About 600 mg of flavonoids from GT, BT, CF+R and S extracts were infused at t = 0 and 12 h into the TIM-2. Samples from the lumen and dialysate were collected at t = 0,4,8,12,16,24 and 28h. The flavonoid and PA concentrations were measured by HPLC and GC-MS. GT, BT, and CF+R formed 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3M4HPAA), 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4HPAA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4DHPAA), and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3,3HPPA). BT flavonoids were also metabolized to 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6THBA) and CF+R flavonoids to 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid (3,4H3MPPA), 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (3HPAA) and a small amount of hippuric acid. After S infusion, we found 3M4HPAA and 4HPAA only. Among these phenolic acids, only 3,4DHPAA exhibited antiproliferative activity in prostate and colon cancer cells. 3,4DHPAA was significantly (P < 0.005) more inhibitory in colon cancer cells (HCT116) compared with an immortalized normal intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC6). In summary, fermentation by intestinal microbes of GT, BT, C+R, and S flavonoids resulted in the conversion to the same major phenolic acids. © 2006 American Society for Nutrition.
Topics
Biomedical ResearchAntiproliferative activityColonic fermentationFlavonoidsPhenolic acids3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl)propionic acid3 hydroxyphenyl acetic acid3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid4 hydroxyphenyl acetic acidDihydro meta coumaric acidFlavonoidGenisteinHippuric acidHomovanillic acidNaringeninPhenol derivativePhloroglucinolcarboxylic acidRutosideTheaflavinUnclassified drugAntineoplastic activityBacterial floraCancer cellCitrus fruitColon adenocarcinomaColon floraComparative studyConcentration responseConference paperControlled studyDialysateDiet supplementationFermentationGas chromatographyHigh performance liquid chromatographyHumanHuman cellHuman experimentIn vitro studyIntestine cellMass spectrometryMicrobial metabolismNonhumanNormal humanProstate adenocarcinomaSampleStatistical significanceTea3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidAdultCitrusColonFermentationFlavonoidsHumansPhenylacetatesTeaBacteria (microorganisms)Camellia sinensisCitrus
TNO Identifier
239083
ISSN
00223166
Source
Journal of Nutrition, 136(1), pp. 52-57.
Pages
52-57
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