Effects of single and repeated exposure to biocidal active substances on the barrier function of the skin in vitro

article



Buist, H.E.

Sandt, J.J.M. van de

Burgsteden, J.A. van

Heer, C. de
The dermal route of exposure is important in worker exposure to biocidal products. Many biocidal active substances which are used on a daily basis may decrease the barrier function of the skin to a larger extent than current risk assessment practice addresses, due to possible skin effects of repeated exposure. The influence of repeated and single exposure to representative biocidal active substances on the skin barrier was investigated in vitro. The biocidal active substances selected were alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), boric acid, deltamethrin, dimethyldidecylammonium chloride (DDAC), formaldehyde, permethrin, piperonyl butoxide, sodium bromide, and tebuconazole. Of these nine compounds, only the quaternary ammonium chlorides ADBAC and DDAC had a clear and consistent influence on skin permeability of the marker compounds tritiated water and [14C]propoxur. For these compounds, repeated exposure increased skin permeability more than single exposure. At high concentrations the difference between single and repeated exposure was quantitatively significant: repeated exposure to 300 mg/L ADBAC increased skin permeability two to threefold in comparison to single exposure. Therefore, single and repeated exposure to specific biocidal products may significantly increase skin permeability, especially when used undiluted.
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Biomedical ResearchBiocidal active substancesDermal absorptionQuaternary ammonium chloridesRepeated exposureRisk assessmentSingle exposureSkin barrierAmmonium derivativeBiocideBoric acidDeltamethrinFormaldehydePermethrinPiperonyl butoxideQuaternary ammonium derivativeSodium bromideTebuconazoleUnclassified drugControlled studyDilutionExposureHuman tissueIntermethod comparisonQuantitative analysisSkin absorptionSkin functionSkin penetrationSkin permeabilityStatistical significanceTitrimetryBenzalkonium CompoundsCarbon RadioisotopesDetergentsDeuterium OxideDose-Response Relationship, DrugPerfusionPermeabilityPropoxurQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsSkin AbsorptionSkin Physiology
TNO Identifier
238745
Repository link
https://resolver.tno.nl/uuid:ce2c9002-384f-43a2-84f9-44c646ea0267
ISSN
02732300
Source
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 43(1), pp. 76-84.
Pages
76-84
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