Europe's Auto/Oil 2 program, understanding the cost-benefits of NGV's
conference paper
In the mid-nineties in Europe, the so-called Auto/Oil 1 Program was carried out. The aim was to improve air quality in urban areas by setting new emissions standards based on improved vehicle and fuel technology. The program was carried out by the auto and oil industry under leadership of the European Commission. It did not include alternative fuels. In 1997 the initiative was taken for the Auto Oil 2 program, including alternative fuels.
The following alternative fuels were investigated: CNG, LPG, DME (di-methyl-ether) FAME 30% (fatty acid methyl ester), E85G (85% ethanol for Otto engines), E15D (15% ethanol for diesel engines), ETBE (15% ethyl tertiary butyl ether) and diesel/water emulsion.
Investigations, mainly done by Prof. Acroumanis of Bechtel Ltd. Consultants, resulted in the development of emission and cost factors. These factors give the emissions and costs compared to baseline vehicles. As baseline in most cases Euro 2 (emission standards of the year 1996 onwards in Europe) is used.
The work will be finalized in the autumn of the year 2000. The draft results show favorable emission and cost factors for CNG. Final results are not yet available. This results in the negative economic value of emissions.
Furthermore, TNO has studied the financial costs caused by emissions for the environment and for the health of people. In a case study comparison of some driveline concepts it is shown that the results for CNG are very favorable.
The following alternative fuels were investigated: CNG, LPG, DME (di-methyl-ether) FAME 30% (fatty acid methyl ester), E85G (85% ethanol for Otto engines), E15D (15% ethanol for diesel engines), ETBE (15% ethyl tertiary butyl ether) and diesel/water emulsion.
Investigations, mainly done by Prof. Acroumanis of Bechtel Ltd. Consultants, resulted in the development of emission and cost factors. These factors give the emissions and costs compared to baseline vehicles. As baseline in most cases Euro 2 (emission standards of the year 1996 onwards in Europe) is used.
The work will be finalized in the autumn of the year 2000. The draft results show favorable emission and cost factors for CNG. Final results are not yet available. This results in the negative economic value of emissions.
Furthermore, TNO has studied the financial costs caused by emissions for the environment and for the health of people. In a case study comparison of some driveline concepts it is shown that the results for CNG are very favorable.
Topics
TNO Identifier
362657
Article nr.
SAE Paper 2000-27-0007
Source title
NGV 2000 'Transportation for the new century', 7th international conference and exhibition on Natural Gas Vehicles, 17-19 October, 2000, Yokohama, Japan
Japan Gas Association
Japan Gas Association
Files
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