IV. Molecular biology of S-layers
article
Bahl, H.
Scholz, H.
Bayan, N.
Chami, M.
Leblon, G.
Gulik-Krzywicki, T.
Shechter, E.
Fouet, A.
Mesnage, S.
Tosi-Couture, E.
Gounon, P.
Mock, M.
Macario, E.C. de
Macario, A.J.L.
Fernández-Herrero, L.A.
Olabarría, G.
Berenguer, J.
Blaser, M.J.
Kuen, B.
Lubitz, W.
Sára, M.
Pouwels, P.H.
Kolen, C.P.A.M.
Boot, H.J.
Palva, A.
Truppe, M.
Howorka, S.
Schroll, G.
Lechleitner, S.
Resch, S.
In this chapter we report on the molecular biology of crystalline surface layers of different bacterial groups. The limited information indicates that there are many variations on a common theme. Sequence variety, antigenic diversity, gene expression, rearrangements, influence of environmental factors and applied aspects are addressed. There is considerable variety in the S-layer composition, which was elucidated by sequence analysis of the corresponding genes. In Corynebacterium glutamicum one major cell wall protein is responsible for the formation of a highly ordered, hexagonal array. In contrast, two abundant surface proteins form the S-layer of Bacillus anthracis. Each protein possesses three S-layer homology motifs and one protein could be a virulence factor. The antigenic diversity and ABC transporters are important features, which have been studied in methanogenic archaea. The expression of the S-layer components is controlled by three genes in the case of Thermus thermophilus. One has repressor activity on the S-layer gene promoter, the second codes for the S-layer protein. The rearrangement by reciprocal recombination was investigated in Campylobacter fetus. 7-8 S-layer proteins with a high degree of homology at the 5' and 3' ends were found. Environmental changes influence the surface properties of Bacillus stearothermophilus. Depending on oxygen supply, this species produces different S-layer proteins. Finaly, the molecular bases for some applications are discussed. Recombinant S-layer fusion proteins have been designed for biotechnology.
Topics
ABC transporterAntigenic diversityBacillus anthracisBacillus stearothermophilusCorynebacterium glutamicumcspB geneEAI proteinGene regulationHeterologous expressionLactobacilliLactobacillus brevisMethanogenic archaeaMethanosarcina mazeiOxygen stressPS2 proteinS-layerS-layer geneS-layer proteinS-layer structure-function relationshipS-layer variationSap proteinSbs geneSbsA/SbsB fusion proteinSecretion of β-lactamaseSLH motifSlp geneSlpA geneThermus thermophilusABC transporterGeobacillus stearothermophilusLactobacillusMethanobacteriumThermus thermophilusBacillusArchaeaBacillus anthracisBacteria (microorganisms)Campylobacter fetusCorynebacterium glutamicumGeobacillus stearothermophilusLactobacillusLactobacillus brevisMethanobacteriumMethanosarcina mazeiThermus thermophilusAmino Acid SequenceAntigenic VariationAntigens, BacterialATP-Binding Cassette TransportersBacillusBacteriaBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBase SequenceCell MembraneCell WallCorynebacteriumGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGenes, BacterialLactobacillusMolecular Sequence DataThermus thermophilus
TNO Identifier
233941
ISSN
01686445
Source
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 20(1-2), pp. 47-98.
Pages
47-98
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