V. Functions of S-layers
article
Beveridge, T.J.
Pouwels, P.H.
Sára, M.
Kotiranta, A.
Lounatmaa, K.
Kari, K.
Kerosuo, E.
Haapasalo, M.
Egelseer, E.M.
Schocher, I.
Sleytr, U.B.
Morelli, L.
Callegari, M.L.
Nomellini, J.F.
Bingle, W.H.
Smit, J.
Leibovitz, E.
Lemaire, M.
Miras, I.
Salamitou, S.
Béguin, P.
Ohayon, H.
Gounon, P.
Matuschek, M.
Sahm, K.
Bahl, H.
Grogono-Thomas, R.
Dworkin, J.
Blaser, M.J.
Woodland, R.M.
Newell, D.G.
Kessel, M.
Koval, S.F.
Although S-layers are being increasingly identified on Bacteria and Archaea, it is enigmatic that in most cases S-layer function continues to elude us. In a few instances, S-layers have been shown to be virulence factors on pathogens (e.g. Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and Aeromonas salmonicida), protective against Bdellovibrio, a depository for surface- exposed enzymes (e.g. Bacillus stearothermophilus), shape-determining agents (e.g. Thermoproteus tenax) and nucleation factors for finegrain mineral development (e.g. Synechococcus GL 24). Yet, for the vast majority of S- layered bacteria, the natural function of these crystalline arrays continues to be evasive. The following review updates the functional basis of S-layers and describes such diverse topics as the effect of S-layers on the Gram stain, bacteriophage adsorption in lactobacilli, phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the adhesion of a high-molecular-mass amylase, outer membrane porosity, and the secretion of extracellular enzymes of Thermoanaerobacterium. In addition, the functional aspect of calcium on the Caulobacter S-layer is explained.
Topics
AdhesionAmylaseArchaeaBacillusBacillus stearothermophilusBacteriaBacterivoryCampylobacter fetusCaulobacter crescentusCell wallCell wall anchoringCellulosomeCrystalline outer membrane proteinGlycosyl hydrolaseGram stainLactobacillusOvine abortionPhagocytosisPolymorphonuclear leukocytePorinProtozoaS-layerSecretionCaulobacter crescentusClostridium thermocellumGeobacillus stearothermophilusGram positive bacteriumGram stainingLactobacillusArchaebacteriumGram negative infectionAeromonas salmonicidaArchaeaBacteria (microorganisms)BdellovibrioCampylobacter fetusCaulobacterCaulobacter vibrioidesClostridium thermocellumGeobacillus stearothermophilusLactobacillusOvisPosibacteriaProtozoaSynechococcusThermoanaerobacteriumThermoproteus tenaxAbortion, VeterinaryAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsArchaeaBacteriaBacterial AdhesionBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBacterial PhysiologyCampylobacter InfectionsCell MembraneCell WallCrystallizationFemaleHumansMolecular Sequence DataPhagocytosisPregnancyProtozoaSequence AlignmentSequence Homology, Amino AcidSheepSheep DiseasesSpecies SpecificityVirulence
TNO Identifier
233921
ISSN
0168-6445
Source
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 20(1-2), pp. 99-149.
Pages
99-149
Files
To receive the publication files, please send an e-mail request to TNO Repository.