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de Kok, M.M. (author), Sarfert, W. (author), Paetzold, R. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Colour tuning of white polymer light emitting diode (LED) light sources can be attained by various methods at various stages in the production process of the lamps and/or by the design of the active material incorporated in the LEDs. In this contribution we will describe the methods and discuss the physical background of colour tuning....article 2010
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Manders, A.M.M. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Querol, X. (author), Albert, M.F.M.A. (author), Vercauteren, J. (author), Kuhlbusch, T.A.J. (author), Hoogerbrugge, R. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The oceans are a major source for particles that play an important role in many atmospheric processes. In Europe sea salt may contribute significantly to particulate matter concentrations. We have compiled sodium concentration data as a tracer for sea salt for 89 sites in Europe to provide more insight in the distribution of sea salt across...article 2010
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Peters, R.J.B. (author), Beeltje, H. (author), van Delft, R.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The exposure to some chemicals can lead to hormone disrupting effects. Presently, much attention is focused on so-called xeno-estrogens, synthetic compounds that interact with hormone receptors causing a number of reactions that eventually lead to effects related to reproduction and development. The current study was initiated to investigate the...article 2008
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Kirilova, E.P. (author), Bluszcz, P. (author), Heiri, O. (author), Cremer, H. (author), Ohlendorf, C. (author), Lotter, A.F. (author), Zolitschka, B. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Diatom assemblages from sediment trap samples collected during ten intervals between October 2003 and October 2005 in Sacrower See (NE Germany) were related to limnological and meteorological data. Sacrower See is a dimictic, 38 m deep, hypertrophic lowland lake (29.5 m a.s.l.). We identified distinct seasonal and interannual changes of diatom...article 2008
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Ekblad, T. (author), Bergström, G. (author), Ederth, T. (author), Conlan, S.L. (author), Mutton, R. (author), Clare, A.S. (author), Wang, S. (author), Liu, Y. (author), Zhao, Q. (author), D'Souza, F. (author), Donnelly, G.T. (author), Willemsen, P.R. (author), Pettitt, M.E. (author), Callow, M.E. (author), Callow, J.A. (author), Liedberg, B. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)This work describes the fabrication, characterization, and biological evaluation of a thin protein-resistant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel coating for antifouling applications. The coating was fabricated by free-radical polymerization on silanized glass and silicon and on polystyrene-covered silicon and gold. The physicochemical...article 2008
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Hulskotte, J.H.J. (author), van der Gon, H.A.C.D. (author), Visschedijk, A.J.H. (author), Schaap, M. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)In this article we show that brake wear from road traffic vehicles is an important source of atmospheric (participate) copper concentrations in Europe. Consequently, brake wear also contributes significantly to deposition fluxes of copper to surface waters. We estimated the copper emission due to brake wear to be 2.4 kiloton per year. For...conference paper 2007
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van den Brink, C. (author), Frapporti, G. (author), Griffioen, J. (author), Zaadnoordijk, W.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Quantitative insight into the impact of land use on groundwater composition is vital for the sustainable management of aquifers, especially those situated in urban areas. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of land use on groundwater composition throughout the Netherlands, relative to the influence of groundwater age,...article 2007
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Visser, A. (author), Broers, H.P. (author), van der Grift, B. (author), Bierkens, M.F.P. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Recent EU legislation is directed to reverse the upward trends in the concentrations of agricultural pollutants in groundwater. However, uncertainty of the groundwater travel time towards the screens of the groundwater quality monitoring networks complicates the demonstration of trend reversal. We investigated whether trend reversal can be...article 2007
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Blankvoort, B.M.G. (author), Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), Murk, A.J. (author), Koeman, J.H. (author), Schilt, R. (author), Aarts, J.M.M.J.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This paper describes the screening of 22 extracts from 18 different aquatic environmental samples for androgenic activity, including indirect and interactive effects on androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signal transduction, using the AR-LUX bioassay. Four samples, originating from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WTP) or the river Meuse,...article 2005
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Artola-Garicano, E. (author), Hermens, J.L.M. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author)In the current study, predictions by Simple Treat 3.0, a fate model for organic chemicals in sewage treatment plants (STPs), are compared with actual measurements in three STPs. Two polycyclic musks, Tonalide® (AHTN) and Galaxolide® (HHCB), were used for model evaluation. Results show that Simple Treat 3.0 is able to predict the removal...article 2003
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Ingelse, B.A. (author), van Dam, R.C.J. (author), Vreeken, R.J. (author), Mol, H.G.J. (author), Steijger, O.M. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)It was demonstrated that four out of six of the very polar organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), i.e. acephate, methamidophos, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl and vamidothion, could not be extracted from water using commonly available SPE cartridges. In addition, GC analysis on all six compounds was found to be troublesome due to their...article 2001
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Hooijschuur, E.W.J. (author), Kientz, C.E. (author), Dijksman, J. (author), Brinkman, U.A.T. (author)The potential of microcolumn liquid chromatography (μLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with on-line, flame photometric detection (FPD)in the P-selective mode has been studied for determination of polar P-containing pesticides, glyphosate and its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), ethephon, fosetyl-aluminium and acephate....article 2001
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Mol, H.G.J. (author), Sunarto, S. (author), Steijger, O.M. (author)The combined gas chromatographic determination of a number of hydroxyl-group containing endocrine disruptors, including 4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 4-tert.-butylbenzoic acid, bisphenol-A, 17?-estradiol and 17?-ethynylestradiol, was investigated. Derivatization, required for sensitive determination of...article 2000
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Verbruggen, E.M.J. (author), Vaes, W.H.J. (author), J.L.M. Parkerton, Hermens, (author)The acute toxicity of narcotic organic chemical mixtures is related to the total molar concentration within organisms. In this study, the use of polyacrylate SPME fibers is investigated for the purpose of biomimetic extractions, a procedure used to simulate bioconcentration and to estimate total concentrations in aquatic organisms. Experimental...article 2000
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Hooijschuur, E.W.J. (author), Kientz, C.E. (author), Brinkman, U.A.T. (author), TNO Prins Maurits Laboratorium (author)A selective, direct and relatively rapid method has been developed for the determination of thiodiglycol (TDG) in aqueous samples. TDG is the main hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard. The method of analysis is based on the on-line coupling of reversed-phase microcolumn liquid chromatography and sulfur-selective flame...article 1999
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Hankemeier, Th. (author), Rozenbrand, J. (author), Abhadur, M. (author), Vreuls, J.J. (author), Brinkman, U.A.Th. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A procedure is described for the (non-target) screening of hetero-atom-containing compounds in tap and waste water by correlating data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) using atomic emission (AED) and mass selective (MS) detection. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was coupled on-line to both GC systems to enable the determination of...article 1998
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Vink, M. (author), van der Poll, J.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The development of a multi-residue method for the determination of eight polar acidic herbicides (MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, 2,4-D, dichlorprop, bentazone, dicamba and dikegulac) in surface water is described. The method involves an off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure prior to instrumental analysis. The herbicides are isolated on an SPE C...article 1996
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Degenhardt, C.E.A.M. (author), Kientz, C.E. (author), TNO Prins Maurits Laboratorium (author)The use of large volume injections has been studied for the verification of intact organophosphorus chemical warfare agents in water samples. As the use of ethyl acetate caused severe detection problems new potential solvents were evaluated. With the developed procedure, the nerve agents sarin, tabun, soman, DFP and VX can be determined in...article 1996
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van Doorn, C. (author), Vink, M. (author), van der Poll, J.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)A gas chromatographic method, with electron capture detection and mass spectrometric confirmation, is described for the determination of chlorothalonil and its metabolite 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophtalonitrile (HTI) in water samples. Water is saturated with sodium chloride and acidified to pH < 2 with dilute sulfuric acid. After extraction...article 1995