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van der Walle, P. (author), Stortelder, J.K. (author), Wu, C.C. (author), Lensen, H.A. (author), Koster, N.B. (author)The EUV BeamLine 2 (EBL2) is being used to expose samples to EUV radiation for optics and mask lifetime testing. Before and after exposure the samples can be analyzed in-situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). During exposure the samples can be monitored in real-time by an imaging ellipsometer. We report on the development of two...conference paper 2020
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van der Steen, J.L.P.J. (author), Peters, L.C.J.M. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), Zalar, P. (author), Gelinck, G.H. (author)Thermal imagers conventionally consist of a suspended sensing element on support structure with patterned thermal detection layer to get good thermal isolation between sensor elements[1]. Large area and wearable thermal imaging applications require cost effective fabrication, robustness and a flexible form factor. We present a 16×16 active...conference paper 2019
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Kessler, S. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Repasi, E. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and...conference paper 2017
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Repasi, E. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and...conference paper 2017
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van den Ende, D.A. (author), Kusters, R.H.L. (author), Cauwe, M. (author), van der Waal, A. (author), van den Brand, J. (author)Integration of LEDs on flexible foil substrates is of interest for flexible lighting applications and flexible photonic devices. A matrix of LEDs on a foil combined with a diffuser can be a potential alternative for flexible OLED lighting devices. Preferably, these LEDs are integrated in an unpackaged, bare die form as it reduces cost, footprint...conference paper 2012
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Weiss, A.R. (author), Adomeit, U. (author), Chevalier, P. (author), Landeau, S. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Champagnat, F. (author), Dijk, J. (author), Göhler, B. (author), Landini, S. (author), Reynolds, J.P. (author), Smith, L.N. (author)Modern IR cameras are increasingly equipped with built-in advanced (often non-linear) image and signal processing algorithms (like fusion, super-resolution, dynamic range compression etc.) which can tremendously influence performance characteristics. Traditional approaches to range performance modeling are of limited use for these types of...conference paper 2012
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Bijl, P. (author), Beintema, J.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author), van der Leden, N. (author)Moving imagery from a static scene was recorded with an uncooled thermal imager at nine different angular velocities ranging from 0 (static) to 1 pixel∕frame (3.75 deg ∕s) using a tilted rotating mirror. The scene contained a thermal acuity test chart with triangular test patterns based on the triangle orientation discrimination (TOD) test...article 2012
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Beintema, J.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author), van der Leden, N. (author)Moving imagery from a static scene was recorded with an un-cooled thermal imager at nine different angular velocities ranging from 0 (static) to 1 pixel/frame (3.75 deg/s) using a tilted rotating mirror. The scene contained a thermal acuity test chart with triangular test patterns based on the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Dijk, J. (author), Schutte, K. (author), Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)We present the design and first field trial results of the INVIS integrated night vision surveillance and observation system, in particular for the image enhancement techniques implemented. The INVIS is an all-day-andnight all-weather navigation and surveillance tool, combining three-band cameras. We present a processing pipeline for this system...conference paper 2010
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Toet, A. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)We investigate the effect of band-limited masking noise and blur on the minimum contrast required to identify a) military targets, b) the standard MRTD and MTDP four-bar test pattern and c) the TOD equilateral triangle test pattern. First, the image containing the test object was spatially blurred by an amount varying from one pixel up to the...conference paper 2004
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Bijl, P. (author), Toet, A. (author), Valeton, J.M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)The minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD), the minimum resolvable contrast (MRC), and the triangle orientation discrimination (TOD) are end-to-end EO system performance measures; that is, laboratory measures that characterize EO system performance with a human observer in the loop. Such system performance measures are used: 1) to...bookPart 2003
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TNO Technische Menskunde (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)The emergence of multi-band sensor technology, e.g. in the thermal infrared, promises significant improvements in TA (Target Acquisition) performance. With these new sensor systems, targets may be distinguished from their background not only on the basis of differences in radiation magnitude in the sensors spectral range (as is the case with...conference paper 2003
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Cremer, F. (author), de Jong, W. (author), Schutte, K. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)Linear polarization of thermal infrared (TIR) radiation occurs when radiation is reflected or emitted from a smooth surface (such as the top of a landmine) and observed from a grazing angle. The background (soil and vegetation) is generally much rougher and therefore shows less pronounced linearly polarized radiation. This difference in...article 2002
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TNO Technische Menskunde (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Valeton, J.M. (author)At the moment there are three potential models and associated measures to replace the FLIR92 model and the MRTD as the standard for sensor performance characterization and TA range predictions. These are: 1) the NVTherm model that calculates the MRTD-ID, 2) the TRM3 model that calculates the MTDP and 3) the TOD model that calculates the TOD. The...conference paper 2002
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TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium TNO Technische Menskunde (author), de Lange, D.J. (author), Valeton, J.M. (author), Bijl, P. (author)The objective characterization of electro-optical sensors and that of image enhancement techniques has always been a difficult task. Up to now the sensor is characterized using the minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) or the minimum resolvable contrast (MRC). The performance of image enhancement techniques is done by visual...conference paper 2000
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Bijl, P. (author), Valeton, J.M. (author)MRTD (Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference) The characterization of electro-optical system performance by means of the standard minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) or the minimum resolvable contrast (MRC) has a number of serious disadvantages. One of the problems is that they depend on the subjective decision criterion of the...article 1999
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Valeton, J.M. (author), Bijl, P. (author)The current standard to characterize Electro-Optical system performance is the MRTD (Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference) for thermal imagers and the MRC (Minimum Resolvable Contrast) for visual devices. This standard has at least three serious disadvantages: (i) the standard 4-bar test pattern is theoretically and practically unsuitable...conference paper 1999
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de Jong, A.N. (author), Kemp, R.A.W. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)The detection of small surface targets at sea is an increasing requirement for warships. The present sensors on board do not provide the required detection probabilities for these low observable targets like small rubber boats, floating mines, periscopes, people etc. The reason for the low probability of detection is not only the low contrast...conference paper 1998
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Bijl, P. (author), Valeton, J.M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)The characterization of electro-eptical system performance by means of the minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) or minimum resolvable contrast (MRC) has at least three serious disadvantages: (1) the bar pattern stimulus is theoretically and practically unsuitable for 1-D or 2-D spatially sampled systems such as pixel-array cameras, ...article 1998
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de Ridder, D. (author), Schutte, K. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), TNO Fysisch en Elektronisch Laboratorium (author)The possibility of using certain kinds of neural networks,article 1998
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