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Hulst, A.G. (author), Verstappen, D.R.W. (author), van der Riet-van Oeveren, D. (author), Vermeulen, N.P.E. (author), Noort, D. (author)In the current paper we show that exposure of human callus to isocyanates leads to covalent modifications within keratin proteins. Mass spectrometric analyses of pronase digests of keratin isolated from exposed callus show that both mono- and di-adducts (for di-isocyanates) are predominantly formed on the ε-amino group of lysine. In addition,...article 2015
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Teunis, M.A.T. (author), Spiekstra, S.W. (author), Smits, M. (author), Adriaens, E. (author), Eltze, T. (author), Galbiati, V. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Landsiedel, R. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Reinders, J. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Corsini, E. (author), Gibbs, S. (author)This study describes the international ring trial of the epidermal-equivalent (EE) sensitizer potency assay. This assay does not distinguish a sensitizer from a non-sensitizer, but may classify known skin sensitizers according to their potency. It assesses the chemical concentration resulting in 50% cytotoxicity (EE-EC50) or the 2-fold increase...article 2014
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van der Veen, J.W. (author), Soeteman-Hernández, L.G. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Kuper, F.C. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a hypersensitivity immune response induced by small protein-reactive chemicals. Currently, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) provides hazard identification and quantitative estimation of sensitizing potency. Given the complexity of ACD, a single alternative method cannot replace the LLNA, but it is...article 2014
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Teunis, M. (author), Corsini, E. (author), Smits, M. (author), Madsen, C.B. (author), Eltze, T. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Galbiati, V. (author), Gremmer, E. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Landin, A. (author), Landsiedel, R. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Rasmussen, T.F. (author), Reinders, J. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Spiekstra, S. (author), Gibbs, S. (author)At present, the identification of potentially sensitizing chemicals is carried out using animal models. However, it is very important from ethical, safety and economic point of view to have biological markers to discriminate allergy and irritation events, and to be able to classify sensitizers according to their potency, without the use of...article 2013
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Unraveling toxicological mechanisms and predicting toxicity classes with gene dysregulation networksPronk, T.E. (author), van Someren, P. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Pennings, J.L.A. (author)The use of genes for distinguishing classes of toxicity has become well established. In this paper we combine the reconstruction of a gene dysregulation network (GDN) with a classifier to assign unseen compounds to their appropriate class. Gene pairs in the GDN are dysregulated in the sense that they are linked by a common expression pattern in...article 2013
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Kuper, C.F. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Prinsen, M. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)All LMW respiratory allergens known to date can also induce skin allergy in test animals. The question here was if in turn skin allergens can induce allergy in the respiratory tract. Respiratory allergy was tested in Th2-prone Brown Norway (BN) rats by dermal sensitization with the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB; 1%, day 0; 0.5%,...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Jong, W.H. (author), van Triel, J.J. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used to test the potential of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds to induce sensitization via the skin. In the present study, a respiratory LLNA was developed. Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to various LMW allergens. Ear application ...article 2008
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Gibbs, S. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Merk, H.F. (author), Lockley, D.J. (author), Pendlington, R.U. (author), Pease, C.K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In this review, we discuss and compare studies of xenobiotic metabolism in both human skin and 3D human skin reconstructs. In comparison to the liver, the skin is a less studied organ in terms of characterising metabolic capability. While the skin forms the major protective barrier to environmental chemical exposure, it is also a potential...article 2007
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Peeters, K.A.B.M. (author), Koppelman, S.J. (author), van Hoffen, E. (author), van der Tas, C.W.H. (author), den Hartog Jager, C.F. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Hefle, S.L. (author), Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C.A.F.M. (author), Knol, E.F. (author), Knulst, A.C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Recognition of specific peanut allergens or the diversity of IgE binding to peanut allergens may play a role in the elicitation of severe allergic reactions. Objective: To investigate whether sensitization to individual allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6 is correlated with clinical severity. Methods: The reactivity of...article 2007
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- Basketter, D. (author), Pease, C. (author), Kasting, G. (author), Kimber, I. (author), Casati, S. (author), Cronin, M. (author), Diembeck, W. (author), Gerberick, F. (author), Hadgraft, J. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Marty, J.P. (author), Nikolaidis, E. (author), Patlewicz, G. (author), Roberts, D. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Rovida, C. (author), van de Sandt, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2007
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Mommers, C. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A literature study was performed to evaluate dose-response relationships and no-effect levels for sensitization and elicitation in skin- and respiratory allergy. With respect to the skin, dose-response relationships and no-effect levels were found for both intradermal and topical induction, as well as for intradermal and topical elicitation of...article 2006
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- Netzeva, T.I. (author), Worth, A.P. (author), Aldenberg, T. (author), Benigni, R. (author), Cronin, M.T.D. (author), Gramatica, P. (author), Jaworska, J.S. (author), Kahn, S. (author), Klopman, G. (author), Marchant, C.A. (author), Myatt, G. (author), Nikolova-Jeliazkova, N. (author), Patlewicz, G.Y. (author), Perkins, R. (author), Roberts, D.W. (author), Schultz, T.W. (author), Stanton, D.T. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Tong, W. (author), Veith, G. (author), Yang, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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- Coecke, S. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Elaut, G. (author), Freeman, S. (author), Freidig, A. (author), Gensmantel, N. (author), Hoet, P. (author), Kapoulas, V.M. (author), Ladstetter, B. (author), Langley, G. (author), Leahy, D. (author), Mannens, G. (author), Meneguz, A. (author), Monshouwer, M. (author), Nemery, B. (author), Pelkonen, O. (author), Pfaller, W. (author), Prieto, P. (author), Proctor, N. (author), Rogiers, V. (author), Rostami-Hodjegan, A. (author), Sabbioni, E. (author), Steiling, W. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Koning, M.W. (author), Bloksma, N. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The present study investigated whether airway responses of sensitized rats to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were concentration dependent and whether these were related to irritation by TMA. Groups of BN and Wistar rats were sensitized by two dermal applications of TMA (50% w/v, followed by 25% w/v in vehicle). Controls received vehicle (acetone...article 2004
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- Peeters, K.A.B.M. (author), Knulst, A.C. (author), Rynja, F.J. (author), Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C.A.F.M. (author), Koppelman, S.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author) article 2004
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Jacobs, J.J.L. (author), Lehé, C.L. (author), Cammans, K.D.A. (author), Das, P.K. (author), Elliott, G.R. (author)The human organotypic skin explant culture (hOSEC) model is a promising alternative in vitro model for screening contact allergens. In this model, the chemical-induced migration of Langerhans cells (LCs) out of the epidermis, evaluated after a 24-h exposure period, is used as a measure of sensitizer potential. As skin irritants can also induce...article 2004
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Broekmans, W.M.R. (author), Vink, A.A. (author), Boelsma, E. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, W.A.A. (author), Tijburg, L.B.M. (author), van 't Veer, P. (author), van Poppel, G. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background: Acute effects of UV irradiation include UV-induced erythema. Sunlight plays an important role in the development of skin cancer. Several predictive factors of UV-induced erythema could also be predictive for skin cancer. Objective: Our objective was to quantitatively assess phenotypical and nutritional determinants of sensitivity to...article 2003
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- van de Sandt, J. (author), Roguet, R. (author), Cohen, C. (author), Esdaile, D. (author), Ponec, M. (author), Corsini, E. (author), Barker, C. (author), Fusenig, N. (author), Liebsch, M. (author), Benford, D. (author), de Franissinette, A. (author), Fartasch, M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author) article 1999
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Coenen, T.M.M. (author), Schoenmakers, A.C.M. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Barlican, a β-glucanase enzyme obtained from Trichoderma reesei, was produced by a fermentation process and subjected to a series of toxicological tests to document its safety for use as a feed additive. The enzyme product was examined for general oral toxicity, inhalation toxicity, irritation to eye and skin, skin sensitization and mutagenic...article 1995