Toll-like receptor 2 activation by β2→1-fructans protects barrier function of t84 human intestinal epithelial cells in a chain length-dependent manner

Dietary fiber intake is associated with lower incidence and mortality from disease, but the underlying mechanisms of these protective effects are unclear.We hypothesized that β2→1-fructan dietary fibers confer protection on intestinal epithelial cell barrier function via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and we studied whether β2→1-fructan chain...

The hepatic uptake of VLDL in lrp-ldlr-/-vldlr-/- mice is regulated by LPL activity and involves proteoglycans and SR-BI

LPL activity plays an important role in preceding the VLDL remnant clearance via the three major apolipoprotein E (apoE)-recognizing receptors: the LDL receptor (LDLr), LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), and VLDL receptor (VLDLr). The aim of this study was to determine whether LPL activity is also important for VLDL remnant clearance...

Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level is not regulated by the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein [2]

Multivariate analysis of microarray data by principal component discriminant analysis: Prioritizing relevant transcripts linked to the degradation of different carbohydrates in Pseudomonas putida S12

The value of the multivariate data analysis tools principal component analysis (PCA) and principal component discriminant analysis (PCDA) for prioritizing leads generated by microarrays was evaluated. To this end, Pseudomonas putida S12 was grown in independent triplicate fermentations on four different carbon sources, i.e. fructose, glucose,...

Molecular weight fibrinogen variants determine angiogenesis rate in a fibrin matrix in vitro and in vivo

Background: During wound repair, fibrin acts both as a barrier to prevent blood loss and as a temporary matrix for the invasion and ingrowth of endothelial and tissue cells. A well-controlled angiogenesis process in the fibrinous exudate matrix is crucial for optimal wound healing. The composition and structure of the fibrin matrix are important...

CTLA-4 signaling regulates the intensity of hypersensitivity responses to food antigens, but is not decisive in the induction of sensitization

Although food allergy has emerged as a major health problem, the mechanisms that are decisive in the development of sensitization to dietary Ag remain largely unknown. CTLA-4 signaling negatively regulates immune activation, and may play a crucial role in preventing induction and/or progression of sensitization to food Ag. To elucidate the role...

Modulating angiogenesis: The yin and the yang in ginseng

Background-Ginseng is a commonly used nutraceutical. Intriguingly, existing literature reports both wound-healing and antitumor effects of ginseng extract through opposing activities on the vascular system. To elucidate this perplexity, we merged a chemical fingerprinting approach with a deconstructional study of the effects of pure molecules...

GIT1 Mediates Thrombin Signaling in Endothelial Cells: Role in Turnover of RhoA-Type Focal Adhesions

Thrombin mediates changes in endothelial barrier function and increases endothelial permeability. A feature of thrombin-enhanced endothelial hyperpermeability is contraction of endothelial cells (ECs), accompanied by formation of focal adhesions (FAs). Recently, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein, GIT1, was shown to regulate...

Analysis by mass spectrometry of POMC-derived peptides in amphibian melanotrope subpopulations

We have previously shown that the melanotrope population of the pituitary intermediate lobe of Rana ridibunda is composed of two subpopulations, of low (LD) and high density (HD), that show distinct ultrastructural features and display different synthetic and secretory rates. To investigate whether LD and HD melanotrope cells also differ in...

Regulation of the acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator from the endothelium by coagulation activation products

Chemicals/CAS: Blood Coagulation Factors; Tissue Plasminogen Activator, EC 3.4.21.68

Impact of endothelial activation on fibrinolysis and local proteolysis in tissue repair

Chemicals/CAS: Cytokines; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; plasminogen activator, urokinase receptors; Plasminogen, 9001-91-6; Receptors, Cell Surface; Urinary Plasminogen Activator, EC 3.4.21.73.