document

Self Adaptive Safe Provisioning of Wireless Power Using DCOPs

van Leeuwen, C.J. (author), Yildirim, K.S. (author), Pawelczak, P. (author)

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technologies aim at getting rid of cables used by consumer devices for energy provision. As long distance WPT is becoming mature, the health impact of WPT becomes increasingly important to consider. In this paper we look at how to maximize the wireless power transfer to remote devices, while maintaining a safe level...

conference paper 2017

document

Migration of bisphenol A into water from polycarbonate baby bottles during microwave heating

Ehlert, K.A. (author), Beumer, C.W.E. (author), Groot, M.C.E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

A comprehensive migration database was established for bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles into water during exposure to microwave heating. Eighteen different brands of polycarbonate baby bottles sold in Europe were collected. Initial residual content of bisphenol A and migration after microwave heating were determined. Residual content...

article 2008

document

UV-induced effects

Liebsch, M. (author), Spielmann, H. (author), Pape, W. (author), Krul, C. (author), Deguercy, A. (author), Eskes, C.A.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

Regulatory requirements: According to the current Notes for Guidance of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products (SCCNFP), cosmetic ingredients and mixtures of ingredients absorbing UV light (in particular UV filter chemicals used, for example, to ensure the light stability of cosmetics or used in sun protection...

article 2005

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Thalidomide inhibits UVB-induced mouse keratinocyte apoptosis by both TNF-α-dependent and TNF-α-independent pathways

Lu, K.Q. (author), Brenneman, S. (author), Burns Jr., R. (author), Vink, A. (author), Gaines, E. (author), Haake, A. (author), Gaspari, A. (author)

Background: Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory pharmacologic agent that has been utilized as a therapy for a number of dermatologic diseases. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to its ability to antagonize tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) production by monocytes. However, its mechanism of action in the skin is not known....

article 2003

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Determinants of skin sensitivity to solar irradiation

Broekmans, W.M.R. (author), Vink, A.A. (author), Boelsma, E. (author), Klöpping-Ketelaars, W.A.A. (author), Tijburg, L.B.M. (author), van 't Veer, P. (author), van Poppel, G. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)

Background: Acute effects of UV irradiation include UV-induced erythema. Sunlight plays an important role in the development of skin cancer. Several predictive factors of UV-induced erythema could also be predictive for skin cancer. Objective: Our objective was to quantitatively assess phenotypical and nutritional determinants of sensitivity to...

article 2003

document

Wavelength dependence of reflectometric cone photoreceptor directionality

Zagers, N.P.A. (author), Berendschot, T.T.J.M. (author), van Norren, D. (author)

We present evidence for the wavelength dependence of the directionality of light reflected from cone receptor cells (optical StilesCrawford effect): Blue light is more directional than red. According to the waveguide-scattering model of Marcos J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15 , 2012 (1998), directionality is the sum of a waveguide component and a...

article 2003

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Detection of single-strand breaks and base damage in DNA of human white blood cells as a tool for biological dosimetry of exposure to ionizing radiation

van der Schans, G.P. (author), Timmerman, A.J. (author), Bruijnzeel, P.L.B. (author)

An immunochemical assay has been adapted to detect DNA damage in whole blood at biologically relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Upon alkaline treatment of whole blood, both strand breaks and base damage (which is converted into strand breaks by the addition of damage-specific enzymes) are detected by using antibodies that specifically bind to...

article 2002

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A role for NF-KB-dependent gene transactivation in sunburn

Abeyama, K. (author), Eng, W. (author), Jester, J.V. (author), Vink, A.A. (author), Edelbaum, D. (author), Cockerell, C.J. (author), Bergstresser, P.R. (author), Takashima, A. (author)

Exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to induce NF-κB activation, but the functional role for this pathway in UV-induced cutaneous inflammation remains uncertain. In this study, we examined whether experimentally induced sunburn reactions in mice could be prevented by blocking UV-induced, NF-κB-dependent gene transactivation...

article 2000

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Influence of phage proteins on formation of specific UV DNA photoproducts in phage T7

Fekete, A. (author), Vink, A.A. (author), Gaspar, S. (author), Modos, K. (author), Berces, A. (author), Ronto, Gy. (author), Roza, L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Phage T7 can be used as a biological UV dosimeter. Its reading is proportional to the inactivation rate expressed in HT7 units. To understand the influence of phage proteins on the formation of DNA UV photoproducts, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and (6-4)photoproducts ((6-4)PD) were determined in T7 DNA exposed to UV radiation under...

article 1999

document

Dosimetric methods for and influence of exposure parameters on the establishment of reference doses in mammography

Zoetelief, J. (author), Fitzgerald, M. (author), Leitz, W. (author), Säbel, M. (author), Centrum voor Stralingsbescherming en Dosimetrie TNO (author)

For the establishment of reference doses in mammography it is important to apply a dosimetric model relevant for risk assessment. Differences in dosimetric methods applied in mammography are related to the dosemeters used, e.g. thermoluminescent detectors and ionisation chambers, and the dosimetric quantities determined, i.e. entrance surface...

article 1998

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(Pheo)melanin photosensitizes UVA-induced DNA damage in cultured human melanocytes

Wenczl, E. (author), van der Schans, G.P. (author), Roza, L. (author), Kolb, R.M. (author), Timmerman, A.J. (author), Smit, N.P.M. (author), Pavel, S. (author), Schothorst, A.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

The question of whether melanins are photoprotecting and/or photosensitizing in human skin cells continues to be debated. To evaluate the role of melanin upon UVA irradiation, DNA single-strand breaks (ssb) were measured in human melanocytes differing only in the amount of pigment produced by culturing at two different concentrations, basic (0...

article 1998

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Assessment of the Effects of Various UV Sources on Inactivation and Photoproduct Induction in Phage T7 Dosimeter

Fekete, A. (author), Vink, A.A. (author), Gaspar, S. (author), Berces, A. (author), Modos, K. (author), Ronto, Gy. (author), Roza, L. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

The correlation between the biologically effective dose (BED) of a phage T7 biological dosimeter and the induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and (6-4) photoproducts ((6-4)PD) in the phage DNA was determined using seven various UV sources. The BED is the inactivation rate of phage T7 expressed in HT7 units. The CPD and (6-4)PD were...

article 1998

document

The relevance of different quantities for risk estimation in diagnostic radiology

Broerse, J.J. (author), Geleijns, J. (author), Centrum voor Stralingsbescherming en Dosimetrie TNO (author)

At the relatively low dose levels encountered in diagnostic radiology, detrimental effects have not been observed. Based on a linear extrapolation from the available data at high dose, (in excess of 0.3 Gy) a small risk for the occurrence of stochastic effects can, however, not be excluded. In diagnostic radiology the exposure conditions are...

article 1998

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Physiological doses of ultraviolet irridation induce DNA strand breaks in cultured human melanocytes, as detected by means of an immunochemical assay

Wenczl, E. (author), Pool, S. (author), Timmerman, A.J. (author), van der Schans, G.P. (author), Roza, L. (author), Schothorst, A.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)

An immunochemical assay, i.e. sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, has been modified to detect UV-induced damage in cellular DNA of monolayer-grown human melanocytes. The method is based on the binding of a monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA. The melanocytes derived from human foreskin of skin type II individuals were suspended...

article 1997

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The role of DNA damage and repair in ultraviolet B radiation-induced immunomodulation: Relevance for human photocarcinogenesis

TNO Nutrition and Food Research (author), Krutmann, J. (author), Ahrens, C. (author), Roza, L. (author), Arlett, C.F. (author)

Chemicals/CAS: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, 126547-89-5; Pyrimidine Dimers

article 1996

document

Reduction of the radon entry rate from building materials by industrial surface coatings

Radiologische Dienst TNO (author), de Jong, P. (author), van Dijk, W. (author)

The retaining effect of over 20 different surface coatings on the free 222Rn exhalation rate has been studied. Coatings that are normally applied for decoration of walls and ceilings in homes were found to be ineffective. Reductions of up to 75% were found for other coatings studied, when applied to all sides of the test walls. If the surface...

article 1994

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Effects of microinjected photoreactivity enzyme on thymine dimer removal and DNA repair synthesis in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts

Medisch Biologisch Laboratorium TNO (author), Roza, L. (author), Vermeulen, W. (author), Bergen Henegouwen, J.B.A. (author), Eker, A.P.M. (author), Jaspers, N.G.J. (author), Lohman, P.H.M. (author), Hoeijmakers, J.H.J. (author)

UV-induced thymine dimers (10 J/m2 of UV-C) were assayed in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts with a monoclonal antibody against these dimers and quantitative fluorescence microscopy. In repair-proficient cells dimer-specific immunofluorescence gradually decreased with time, reaching about 25% of the initial fluorescence...

article 1990

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Lung damage in the rat after irradiation and treatment with cytotoxic drugs

Radiobiologisch Instituut TNO (author), Varekamp, A.E. (author), de Vries, A.J. (author), Hagenbeek, A. (author)

Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) is one of the major complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (incidence: 30 to 50%, fatality rate: 50 to 60%). Cytomegalovirus is associated with 60% of the cases. When no infectious agent can be detected, it is classified as idiopathic IP (IIP). Factors related to IIP are: remission induction...

article 1986

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Early and late effects of fractionated irradiation of the thorax of WAG/Rij rats

Radiobiologisch Instituut TNO (author), van Rongen, E. (author), Tan, C. (author), Zurcher, C. (author)

article 1986

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Radiation responses of the gastrocnemius muscle in the WAG/Rij rat

Radiobiologisch Instituut TNO (author), Hermens, A.F. (author), Korving, R. (author), de Leeuw, A.M. (author), van den Berg, K.J. (author)

article 1986