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Karabaçak, D. (author), Sieben-Xu, L. (author), Vandecasteele, M. (author), van Andel, Y. (author), Wouters, D. (author), Calama, M.C. (author), Brongersma, S.H. (author)An electronic nose based on an array of vibrating doubly clamped beams is proposed. These very high aspect ratio (length/thickness) suspended resonators can be individually functionalized by applying polymer coatings with an inkjet printing approach. The absorption of volatile compounds induces a swelling of the polymers that result in axial...article 2012
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The paper aims to evaluate the indoor air limit of 1 μg/m3 (0.8 ppb) formaldehyde as advised by the European Commission [the INDEX project; Kotzias, D., Koistinen, K., Kephalopoulos, S., Schlitt, C., Carrer, P., Maroni, M., Jantunen, M., Cochet, C., Kirchner, S., Lindvall, T., McLaughlin, J., Mølhave, L., de Oliveira Fernandes, E., Seifert, B.,...article 2008
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Heer, C. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: Chemosensory effects of stimulation by a chemical can either be irritating (trigeminal stimulation) or odorous (olfactory stimulation) or both. For odorous irritants, a clear-cut distinction between odour and irritation is difficult to make. The differences in the lowest concentration found to be irritating to the respiratory tract...article 2006
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Rennen, M.A.J. (author), de Heer, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: The critical health effects of formaldehyde exposure include sensory irritation and the potential to induce tumours in the upper respiratory tract. In literature, a concentration as low as 0.24 ppm has been reported to be irritating to the respiratory tract in humans. Nasal tumour-inducing levels in experimental animals seem to be 1...article 2006
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Veltman, J.A. (author), Vos, W.K. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)We conducted an experiment to explore the relation between facial temperature and mental effort. Participants had to perform mentally demanding tasks while their face was captured with an infrared camera. The temperature of the nose decreased during these tasks and increased during the successive rest blocks. Other parts of the face did not...conference paper 2005
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Veltman, J.A. (author), Vos, W.K. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)We conducted an experiment to explore the relation between facial temperature and mental effort. Participants had to perform mentally demanding tasks while their face was captured with an infrared camera. The temperature of the nose decreased during these tasks and increased during the successive rest periods. Other parts of the face did not...conference paper 2005
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Kuper, C.F. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The mucosal membranes form a weak mechanical barrier, but they are provided with an extensive specific and non-specific defence system. Antigenic stimulation of the mucosal immune system of the oronasal passages induces specific, local immune responses, and activates immune components of mucosae elsewhere as well as the systemic immune system....article 2003
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Feron, V.J. (author), Cassee, F.R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), van Vliet, P.W. (author), van Zorge, J.A. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In this article, we highlight new developments and recent studies concerning adverse human health effects related to chemical mixtures. One group of activities comprises the development of a new computer program for analyzing mixture studies and a mathematical model as a basis for combination rules that predict the toxicity of mixtures. Other...article 2002
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Feron, V.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Slootweg, P.J. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author)Health risks of inhaled nasal toxicants were reviewed with emphasis on chemically induced nasal lesions in humans, sensory irritation, olfactory and trigeminal nerve toxicity, nasal immunopathology and carcinogenesis, nasal responses to chemical mixtures, in vitro models, and nasal dosimetry- and metabolism-based extrapolation of nasal data in...article 2001
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Spruit, W.E.T. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Trap, H.C. (author), van der Wiel, H.J. (author), Helmich, R.B. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author)We report the first toxicokinetic studies of (±)-sarin. The toxicokinetics of the stereoisomers of this nerve agent were studied in anesthetized, atropinized, and restrained guinea pigs after intravenous bolus administration of a dose corresponding to 0.8 LD50 and after nose-only exposure to vapor concentrations yielding 0.4 and 0.8 LCt50 in an...article 2000
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Clary, J.J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), van Velthuijsen, J.A. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Lactate eaters have an oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and the inhalation LC50 is generally above 5000 mg/m3 and they may be potential eye and skin irritants, but not skin sensitizers. No evidence of teratogenicity or maternal toxicity was observed in an inhalation (2-ethylhexyl-L-lactate) or dermal study (ethyl-L-lactate). Subacute inhalation...article 1998
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Bank, R.A. (author), Beekman, B. (author), Tenni, R. (author), Tekoppele, J.M. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Measurement of the glycosylated hydroxylysines galactosyl- and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine (GH and GGH) in combination with other amino acids has been based on ion-exchange chromatography followed by reaction with ninhydrin. Here, a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection has been...article 1997
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Cassee, F.R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are well-known upper respiratory tract irritants and occur simultaneously as pollutants in many indoor and outdoor environments. The upper respiratory tract, and especially the nose, is the prime target for inhaled aldehydes. To study possible additive or interactive effects on the nasal epithelium we...article 1996
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Zwart, A. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Wilmer, J.W.G.M. (author), Spit, B.J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)To study in detail possible effects of low concentrations of formaldehyde on the nasal epithelium, Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 0.3, 1 and 3 ppm formaldehyde vapour for 6 h/day, 5 days/week during 3 days or 13 weeks, using in vivo [3H]thymidine labeling for cell proliferation studies, and light and electron microscopy for detecting...article 1988
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Feron, V.J. (author), Bruyntjes, J.P. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Immel, H.R. (author), Appelman, L.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 10 or 20 ppm formaldehyde vapour for 4, 8 or 13 weeks (6 h/day; 5 days/week), and were then observed for periods up to 126 weeks. Transient growth retardation occurred in both test groups. Death rate was not noticeably affected by formaldehyde. Despite recovery periods of at most 126 weeks, the nasal...article 1988
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Appelman, L.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Hooftman, R.N. (author), Notten, W.R.F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The effects of exposure pattern on the toxicity of acetaldehyde vapour were investigated in 4-week inhalation studies. Male rats were exposed to 500 or 150 and 110 ppm for 6 h per day/5 days per week. One group of animals was exposed without interruption, the exposure of a second group was interrupted for 1.5 h between the first and second 3-h...article 1986
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Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en voeding TNO (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Appelman, L.M. (author), van Garderen-Hoetmer, A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author)Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to acetaldehyde vapour at nominal concentrations 0, 750, 1500 or 3000/1000 ppm during 6 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 28 months. Major compound-related effects included increased mortality, growth retardation, nasal tumours, and non-neoplastic nasal changes in each of the test groups. The treatment-related...article 1986
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Woutersen, R.A. (author), Appelman, L.M. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), van der Heijden, C.A. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to acetaldehyde vapour at concentrations of 0, 750, 1500 and 3000/1000 ppm during 6 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 27 months. The present paper deals with the results obtained during the first 15 months of the study, including interim kills after 13, 26 and 52 weeks. Major compound-related lesions occurred...article 1984
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author), Appelman, L.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author)The 4-h LC50 of acetaldehyde in rats was determined and found to be 13,300 ppm (24.0 g/m3 air). In a 4-week study groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed to 0, 400, 1000, 2200 or 5000 ppm acetaldehyde for 6 h/day, 5 days/week. Treatment-related changes observed at the 5000 ppm level included dyspnoea and excitation during the first 30...article 1982
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Feron, V.J. (author), Kruysse, A. (author), Dreef Van Der Meulen, H.C. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The sub-acute inhalation toxicity of furfural was studied in Syrian golden hamsters. Four groups of ten males and ten females each were repeatedly exposed to furfural vapour at concentrations of 0, 20, 115 and 552 ppm (0, 77,448 and 2165 mg/m3 air) respectively for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week during a period of 13 weeks. At the highest exposure...article 1979
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