Intraileal casein infusion increases plasma concentrations of amino acids in humans A randomized cross over trial

Background. Activation of the ileal brake by casein induces satiety signals and reduces energy intake. However, adverse effects of intraileal casein administration have not been studied before. These adverse effects may include impaired amino acid digestion, absorption and immune activation. Objective. To investigate the effects of intraileal...

Factors of concern in a human 3D cellular airway model to aerosols of nanoparticles

Mucilair 3D bronchial airway models, cultured at an air-liquid interface, were exposed to aerosols of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in Vitrocell air exposure modules. Four cell donors, four exposure modules and four exposure concentrations were varied within four different exposure sessions using a statistical experimental design called a...

Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: A review

Objective: Although osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a non-inflammatory condition, it is widely accepted that synovial inflammation is a feature of OA. However, the role of immune cells and their cytokines in OA is largely unknown. This narrative systematic review summarizes the knowledge of inflammatory properties, immune cells and their...

Bifidobacterium breve-HT-29 cell line interaction: Modulation of TNF-a induced gene expression

To provide insight in the molecular basis for intestinal host-microbe interactions, we determined the genome-wide transcriptional response of human intestinal epithelial cells following exposure to cells of Bifidobacterium breve. To select an appropriate test system reflecting inflammatory conditions, the responsiveness to TNF-a was compared in...

Clinical trial of doxycycline for matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition in patients with an abdominal aneurysm doxycycline selectively depletes aortic wall neutrophils and cytotoxic t cells

Background-Doxycycline has been shown to effectively inhibit aneurysm formation in animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Although this effect is ascribed to matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition, such an effect is unclear in human studies. We reevaluated the effect of doxycycline on aortic wall protease content in a inical trial and found...

Enhanced expression and activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors distinguish aneurysmal from atherosclerotic aorta: IL-6- and IL-8-dominated inflammatory responses prevail in the human aneurysm

Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of an AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm); however, the nature of the inflammatory factors and cellular response(s) involved in AAA growth is controversial. In the present study, we set out to determine the aortic levels of inflammatory cytokines in relation to downstream inflammatory transcription...

Identification of soluble CD14 as an endogenous agonist for toll-like receptor 2 on human astrocytes by genome-scale functional screening of glial cell derived proteins

Human astrocytes express a limited repertoire of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members including TLR1-4, which are expressed on the cell surface. Also, TLR3 but not TLR4 activation on astrocytes induces expression of several factors involved in neuroprotection and down-regulation of inflammation rather than in the onset of traditional pro...

Amlodipine and atorvastatin in atherosclerosis: A review of the potential of combination therapy

Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia are major risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been used for decades and have established antihypertensive effects. Statins have been extensively used because of their potent lipid lowering properties. Amongst other factors, inflammation and oxidation are...

Superinduction of interleukin 8 mRNA in activated monocyte derived macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients

Effects of verocytotoxin-1 on nonadherent human monocytes: Binding characteristics, protein synthesis, and induction of cytokine release

The epidemic form of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) has been associated with a verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli infection. Endothelial cell damage of glomeruli and arterioles of the kidney plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HUS. A number of observations in vivo and in vitro indicate that inflammatory mediators contribute to...