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Toet, A. (author)Despite of the ongoing interest in the fusion of multi-band images for surveillance applications and a steady stream of publications in this area, there is only a very small number of static registered multi-band test images (and a total lack of dynamic image sequences) publicly available for the development and evaluation of image fusion...article 2017
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Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)We introduce a multiscale image fusion scheme based on guided filtering. Guided filtering can effectively reduce noise while preserving detail boundaries. When applied in an iterative mode, guided filtering selectively eliminates small scale details while restoring larger scale edges. The proposed multi-scale image fusion scheme achieves optimal...conference paper 2016
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Smeelen, M.A. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Toet, A. (author), Loog, M. (author)The defense and security community have to cope with threats in complex environments that are merged in the scene context. The aim of this study is to investigate if fusion of Gated Viewer images with traditional thermal IR images provides a solution for threat recognition (with context understanding) in complex environments; and if contextual...conference paper 2014
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Wu, T. (author), Toet, A. (author)We present a color-to-gray conversion algorithm that retains both the overall appearance and the discriminability of details of the input color image. The algorithm employs a weighted pyramid image fusion scheme to blend the R, G, and B color channels of the input image into a single grayscale image. The use of simple visual quality metrics as...article 2014
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Toet, A. (author), de Jong, M.J. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Hooge, I.T.C. (author)Color remapping can give multispectral imagery a realistic appearance. We assessed the practical value of this technique in two observer experiments using monochrome intensified (II) and long-wave infrared (IR) imagery, and color daylight (REF) and fused multispectral (CF) imagery. First, we investigated the amount of detail observers perceive...article 2014
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Toet, A. (author), de Jong, M.J. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Hooge, I.T.C. (author)We recently presented a color transform that produces fused nighttime imagery with a realistic color appearance (Hogervorst & Toet, 2010, Information Fusion, 11-2, 69-77). To assess the practical value of this transform we performed two experiments in which we compared human scene recognition for monochrome intensified (II) and longwave infrared...conference paper 2014
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Smeelen, M.A. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Toet, A. (author), Loog, M. (author)Defense and security surveillance scenarios typically involve the detection and classification of targets in complex and dynamic backgrounds. Imaging systems deployed for this purpose should therefore provide imagery that enables optimal simultaneous recognition of both targets and their context. Here we investigate the recognition of semi...article 2013
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Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)We present an overview of our recent progress and the current state-of-the-art techniques of color image fusion for night vision applications. Inspired by previously developed color opponent fusing schemes, we initially developed a simple pixel-based false color-mapping scheme that yielded fused false color images with large color contrast and...article 2012
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Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Jansen, C. (author), Toet, A. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Bakker, P.J. (author), Hiddema, A.C. (author), van Vliet, S.F. (author)We present the design and evaluation of a new demonstrator rifle sight viewing system containing direct view, red aim point and fusion of an (uncooled, LWIR) thermal sensor with a digital image intensifier. Our goal is to create a system that performs well under a wide variety of (weather) conditions during daytime and nighttime and combines the...conference paper 2012
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Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), van Son, R. (author), Dijk, J. (author)We present the design and first field trial results of an all-day all-weather enhanced and synthetic-fused multi-band colour night vision surveillance and observation system. The system augments a fused and dynamic three-band natural-colour night vision image with synthetic 3D imagery in real-time. The night vision sensor suite consists of three...article 2011
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Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Toet, A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)We present a new method to render multi-band night-time imagery (images from sensors whose sensitive range does not necessarily coincide with the visual part of the electromagnetic spectrum, e.g. image intensifiers, thermal camera's) in natural daytime colors. The color mapping is derived from the combination of a multi-band image and a...article 2010
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Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Nikolov, S.G. (author), Lewis, J.J. (author), Dixon, T.D. (author), Bull, D.R. (author), Canagarajah, C.N. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The increasing availability and deployment of imaging sensors operating in multiple spectral bands has led to a large research effort in image fusion, resulting in a plethora of pixel-level image fusion algorithms. However, the cognitive aspects of multisensor image fusion have not received much attention in the development of these methods. In...article 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), van den Broek, S.P. (author), Kemp, R.A.W. (author), Lensen, H.A. (author)Present-day naval operations take place in coastal environments as well as narrow straits all over the world. Coastal environments around the world are exhibiting a number of threats to naval forces. In particular, a large number of asymmetric threats can be present in environments with cluttered backgrounds as well as rapidly varying...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author), van Son, R. (author)We present the design and first field trial results of the all-day all-weather INVIS Integrated Night Vision surveillance and observation System. The INVIS augments a dynamic three-band false-color nightvision image with synthetic 3D imagery in a real-time display. The night vision sensor suite consists of three cameras, respectively sensitive...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Dijk, J. (author), Schutte, K. (author), Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)We present the design and first field trial results of the INVIS integrated night vision surveillance and observation system, in particular for the image enhancement techniques implemented. The INVIS is an all-day-andnight all-weather navigation and surveillance tool, combining three-band cameras. We present a processing pipeline for this system...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)We present the design and first test results of the TRICLOBS (TRI-band Color Low-light OBServation) system The TRICLOBS is an all-day all-weather surveillance and navigation tool. Its sensor suite consists of two digital image intensifiers (Photonis ICU's) and an uncooled longwave infrared microbolometer (XenICS Gobi 384). The night vision...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Pinkus, A.R. (author), Toet, A. (author), Task, H.L. (author)This effort we acquired and registered a multi-spectral dynamic image test set with the intent of using the imagery to assess the operational effectiveness of static and dynamic image fusion techniques for a range of relevant military tasks. This paper describes the image acquisition methodology, the planned human visual performance task...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Toet, A. (author)We designed and evaluated a dual-band Night Vision Goggles sensor system. The sensor system consists of two optically aligned NVGs fitted with filters splitting the sensitive range into a visual and a near-infrared band. The Color-the-night technique (Hogervorst & Toet, FUSION2008) was used to fuse the images of the two sensors, using a color...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Toet, A. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)We present a new Tri-band Color Low-light Observation (TRICLOBS) system The TRICLOBS is anall-day all-weather surveillance and navigation tool. Its sensor suite consists of two digital image intensifiers and an uncooled longwave infrared microbolometer. This sensor suite registers the visual, near-infrared and longwave infrared bands of the...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Lensen, H.A. (author), van den Broek, S.P. (author), den Hollander, R.J.M. (author), van der Mark, W. (author), Bouma, H. (author), Kemp, R.A.W. (author)In a harbor environment threats like explosives-packed rubber boats, mine-carrying swimmers and divers must be detected in an early stage. This paper describes the integration and use of a heterogeneous multiple camera system with panoramic observation capabilities for detecting these small vessels in the Den Helder New Harbor in the Netherlands...conference paper 2009