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Koster, S. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Verheij, E.R. (author), Dutman, A.E. (author), van Stee, L.L.P. (author), Munch Nielsen, L. (author), Ronsmans, S. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Krul, L. (author)A main challenge in food safety research is to demonstrate that processing of foodstuffs does not lead to the formation of substances for which the safety upon consumption might be questioned. This is especially so since food is a complex matrix in which the analytical detection of substances, and consequent risk assessment thereof, is difficult...article 2015
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DunnGalvin, A. (author), Chun-Han, C. (author), Crevel, R. (author), Grimshaw, K. (author), Poms, R. (author), Schnadt, S. (author), Taylor, S.L. (author), Turner, P. (author), Allen, K.J. (author), Austin, M. (author), Baka, A. (author), Baumert, J.L. (author), Baumgartner, S. (author), Beyer, K. (author), Bucchini, L. (author), Fernández-Rivas, M. (author), Grinter, K. (author), Houben, G.F. (author), Hourihane, J. (author), Kenna, F. (author), Kruizinga, A.G. (author), Lack, G. (author), Madsen, C.B. (author), Mills, E.N. (author), Papadopoulos, N.G. (author), Alldrick, A. (author), Regent, L. (author), Sherlock, R. (author), Wal, J.M. (author), Roberts, G. (author)Precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) was introduced by the food industry to help manage and communicate the possibility of reaction from the unintended presence of allergens in foods. However, in its current form, PAL is counter-productive for consumers with food allergies. This review aims to summarise the perspectives of all the key...article 2015
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Blom, W.M. (author), Knulst, A. (author), Houben, G.F. (author)Food allergic patients average one unexpected allergic reaction per yeer. A major cause of reactions is the unintentional presence ofallergens in packaged foods as a result of cross contamination during production. Consumers encounter voluntary labeling alerts like "may contain traces of ..." which show a poor correlation with the actual...article 2014
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Coulier, L. (author), Bradley, E.L. (author), Bas, R.C. (author), Verhoeckx, K.C.M. (author), Driffield, M. (author), Harmer, N. (author), Castle, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is an epoxide that is used as a starting substance in the manufacture of can coatings for food-contact applications. Following migration from the can coating into food, BADGE levels decay and new reaction products are formed by reaction with food ingredients. The significant decay of BADGE was demonstrated by...article 2010
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Pedersen, G.S. (author), Hogervorst, J.G.F. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Konings, E.J.M. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Acrylamide, a potential human carcinogen, has been discovered in a variety of heat-treated carbohydrate-rich food products. Previously, dietary acrylamide intake was shown to be associated with endocrine-related cancers in humans. We assessed the association between dietary acrylamide intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer stratified by...article 2010
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de Haas, E.M. (author), Kraak, M.H.S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The absence of species in polluted sediments does not necessarily imply exclusion due to toxicity. Other factors, like for instance food availability and oxygen content, could also partly cause their absence. Hence, knowledge of the (combinations of) factors acting on individual organisms is essential in order to understand how populations can...article 2008
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Ehlert, K.A. (author), Beumer, C.W.E. (author), Groot, M.C.E. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A comprehensive migration database was established for bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles into water during exposure to microwave heating. Eighteen different brands of polycarbonate baby bottles sold in Europe were collected. Initial residual content of bisphenol A and migration after microwave heating were determined. Residual content...article 2008
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Hogervorst, J.G.F. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Konings, E.J.M. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen that was detected in several heat-treated foods, such as French fries and crisps, in 2002. Prospective studies are needed on acrylamide and human cancer risk. We prospectively investigated the association between acrylamide and gastrointestinal cancer risk. In 1986, 120,852 men and women (aged 55-69 y)...article 2008
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Smelt, J.P.P.M. (author), Bos, A.P. (author), Kort, R. (author), Brul, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author)Spores of Bacillus subtilis were subjected to relatively mild heat treatments in distilled water and properties of these spores were studied. These spores had lost all or part of their dipicolinic acid (DPA) depending on the severity of the heat treatment. Even after relatively mild heat treatments these spore lost already a small but...article 2008
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Prado, M. (author), Berben, G. (author), Fumière, O. (author), van Duijn, G. (author), Mensinga-Kruize, J. (author), Reaney, S. (author), Boix, A. (author), von Holst, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The commercialization of animal feeds infected by prions proved to be the main cause of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Therefore, feed bans were enforced, initially for ruminant feeds, and later for all feeds for farmed animals. The development and validation of analytical methods for the species-specific detection of...article 2007
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Mol, H.G.J. (author), Rooseboom, A. (author), van Dam, R. (author), Roding, M. (author), Arondeus, K. (author), Sunarto, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The ethyl acetate-based multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in produce has been modified for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis by implementation of dispersive solid-phase extraction (using primary-secondary amine and graphitized carbon black) and large-volume (20 μL) injection. The same extract, before clean-up and after...article 2007
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Leeman, W.R. (author), van den Berg, K.J. (author), Houben, G.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The human risk assessment of feed contaminants has often been hampered by a lack of knowledge concerning their behaviour when consumed by livestock. To gain a better understanding of the transfer of contaminants from animal feed to animal products, a meta-analysis of public literature was made. Data concerning feed contaminant concentrations,...article 2007
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The characterisation of Bacillus spores occurring in the manufacturing of (low acid) canned productsOomes, S.J.C.M. (author), van Zuijlen, A.C.M. (author), Hehenkamp, J.O. (author), Witsenboer, H. (author), van der Vossen, J.M.B.M. (author), Brul, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Spore-forming bacteria can be a problem in the food industry, especially in the canning industry. Spores present in ingredients or present in the processing environment severely challenge the preservation process since their thermal resistance may be very high. We therefore asked the question which bacterial spore formers are found in a typical...article 2007
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Zeegers, M.P. (author), Selen, R.F.M. (author), Kleinjans, J.C.S. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: N-nitroso compounds, endogenously formed from nitrate-derived nitrite, are suspected to be important bladder carcinogens. However, the association between nitrate exposure from food or drinking water and bladder cancer has not been substantially investigated in epidemiologic studies. Methods: We evaluated the associations between...article 2006
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Brul, S. (author), Schuren, F. (author), Montijn, R. (author), Keijser, B.J.F. (author), van der Spek, H. (author), Oomes, S.J.C.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In the food processing industry, unwanted occurrence and growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms is a key concern. A prime example is the extremely heat resistant bacterial endospores, microbial survival structures, that create problems due to their ability to survive classical thermal treatments and their ability to subsequently...article 2006
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Tukker, A. (author), Buist, H. (author), van Oers, L. (author), van der Voet, E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The EU Commission's Services asked TNO and CML to perform a study into the risks of the present uses of lead over time, as an input to a discussion on the need of a further reduction of the use of this material. The study was set up as a substance flow analysis to analyse trends in uses and emissions of lead in Europe between 2000 and 2030. The...article 2006
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Dole, P. (author), Feigenbaum, A.E. (author), de la Cruz, C. (author), Pastorelli, S. (author), Paseiro, P. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), Voulzatis, Y. (author), Aucejo, S. (author), Saillard, P. (author), Papaspyrides, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)When plastics are collected for recycling, possibly contaminated articles might be recycled into food packaging, and thus the contaminants might subsequently migrate into the food. Multilayer functional barriers may be used to delay and to reduce such migration. The contribution of the work reported here is to establish reference values (at 40°C...article 2006
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Dole, P. (author), Voulzatis, Y. (author), Vitrac, O. (author), Reynier, A. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), Aucejo, S. (author), Feigenbaum, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Functional barriers form parts of multi-layer packaging materials, which are deemed to protect the food from migration of a broad range of contaminants, e.g. those associated with reused packaging. Often, neither the presence nor the identity of the contaminants is known, so that safety assessment of the materials has to rely on predictive tools...article 2006
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Kieboom, J. (author), Kusumaningrum, H.D. (author), Tempelaars, M.H. (author), Hazeleger, W.C. (author), Abee, T. (author), Beumer, R.R. (author)Growing microorganisms on dry surfaces, which results in exposure to low water activity (aw), may change their normal morphology and physiological activity. In this study, the morphological changes and cell viability of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis challenged to low a w were analyzed. The results indicated that exposure to reduced aw...article 2006
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de Jong, A.R. (author), Boumans, H. (author), Slaghek, T. (author), van Veen, J. (author), Rijk, R. (author), van Zandvoort, M.M.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This paper gives an overview of the legal consequences of a new EU framework regulation on food contact materials which includes controls on active and intelligent packaging. Recent developments in active and intelligent packaging systems are described, two examples of which aim at achieving improvements in quality and safety of food products....article 2005