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Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), Tel, S.L. (author), Hemmes, M.A. (author), Langenkamp-Brand, A. (author), Grossouw, D. (author), Jansen, H.T. (author), de Bie, B.T.H.J. (author)Background: Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980 and is a leading risk for global deaths, profoundly affecting morbidity, mortality, health-care costs, and professional and personal quality of life. Treatment of obesity and its consequences include lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Polyglucosamines have...article 2016
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Aguirre, M. (author), Eck, A. (author), Koenen, M.E. (author), Savelkoul, P.H.M. (author), Budding, A.E. (author), Venema, K. (author)This study investigated the optimal preservation approach to prepare human feces as inoculum for in vitro fermentations as an alternative to the use of fresh feces. The four treatments studied were: Treatment 1) fresh feces resuspended in dialysate solution + glycerol; Treatment 2) fresh feces resuspended in dialysate solution + glycerol and...article 2015
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Ladirat, S.E. (author), Schoterman, M.H.C. (author), Rahaoui, H. (author), Mars, M. (author), Schuren, F.H.J. (author), Gruppen, H. (author), Nauta, A. (author), Schols, H.A. (author)In the present double-blind, randomised, parallel intervention study, the effects of the intake of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the gut microbiota of twelve healthy adult subjects (aged 18-45 years with a normal BMI (18-25 kg/m2)) receiving amoxicillin (AMX) treatment were determined. All the subjects were treated with AMX (375 mg; three...article 2014
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Klaassens, E.S. (author), Boesten, R.J. (author), Haarman, M. (author), Knol, J. (author), Schuren, F.H. (author), Vaughan, E.E. (author), Vos, W.M.de (author)Although their exact function remains enigmatic, bifidobacteria are among the first colonizers of the newborn infant gut and further develop into abundant communities, notably in response to diet. Therefore, the transcriptional responses of bifidobacteria in rapidly processed fecal samples from young infants that were fed either breast milk or a...article 2009
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Kajikawa, A. (author), Satoh, E. (author), Leer, R.J. (author), Yamamoto, S. (author), Igimi, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing a flagellar antigen from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was constructed and evaluated as a mucosal vaccine. Intragastric immunization of the recombinant strain conferred protective immunity against Salmonella infection in mice. This immunization did not result in antigen-specific antibody in...article 2007
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Pasman, W. (author), Wils, D. (author), Saniez, M.H. (author), Kardinaal, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)Objective: To determine the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of NUTRIOSE®FB in men. Design: A randomized, placebo-contro lled, parallel, double-blind study. Setting: The metabolic ward of TNO Quality of Life. Subjects: Forty-eight subjects started the study: 16 men participated in one of the three treatments. Subjects consumed either 22.5 g of...article 2006
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van den Heuvel, E.G.H.M. (author), Wils, D. (author), Pasman, W.J. (author), Saniez, M.H. (author), Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: It is well documented that fermentation of carbohydrates that escape digestion exert several effects supposed to be beneficial for (colonic) health, including an increase in stool volume, a shorter intestinal transit time, production of short chain fatty acids and a decrease of colonic pH (Kritchevsky 1988). NUTRIOSE®FB is a dextrin...article 2005
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Kummeling, I. (author), Thijs, C. (author), Penders, J. (author), Snijders, B.E.P. (author), Stelma, F. (author), Reimerink, J. (author), Koopmans, M. (author), Dagnelie, P.C. (author), Huber, M. (author), Jansen, M.C.J.F. (author), de Bie, R. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)The aim of the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands is to identify factors that influence the clinical expression of atopic disease with a main focus on lifestyle (e.g., anthroposophy, vaccinations, antibiotics, dietary habits, breastfeeding and breast milk composition, intestinal microflora composition, infections during the first year...article 2005
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Hueber-Becker, F. (author), Nohynek, G.J. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Benech-Kieffer, F. (author), Toutain, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)We investigated the absorption of a commercial [14C]-PPD- containing oxidative dark-shade hair dye in human volunteers as well as in vitro using human or pig ear skin. The hair of eight male volunteers was cut to a standard length, dyed, washed, dried, clipped and collected. Hair, washing water, materials used in the study and a 24-h scalp wash...article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of six α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, more specifically a water-soluble dietary fiber, was examined in a 4-week range finding study and a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. In the 4-week study, the test substance was administered to...article 2004
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de Brabander, H.F. (author), Poelmans, S. (author), Schilt, R. (author), Stephany, R.W. (author), le Bizec, B. (author), Draisci, R. (author), Sterk, S.S. (author), van Ginkel, L.A. (author), Courtheyn, D. (author), van Hoof, N. (author), Macrì, A. (author), de Wasch, K. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The review summarizes current knowledge on the possible illegal use of the anabolic steroid boldenone. The presence of boldenone and metabolites in different animal species and the possibility of the occurrence of endogenous boldenone and metabolites is assessed, as are the methods of analysis used for detection. Different laboratories in the...article 2004
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Benech-Kieffer, F. (author), Meuling, W.J.A. (author), Leclerc, C. (author), Roza, L. (author), Leclaire, J. (author), Nohynek, G. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The potential human health risk of UV filters depends on their toxicity and the human systemic exposure which is a function of the extent of percutaneous absorption of the topically applied substance into the human organism. Using a 'mass balance' approach, a study was designed to investigate the systemically absorbed dose of [14C]-Mexoryl SX®...article 2003
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Venema, K. (author), Maathuis, A.J.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed for the identification of isolates of Bifidobacterium at the species level. Using two Bifidobacterium-specific primers directed against the 16S ribosomal gene (Bif164 and Bif662), a PCR product was obtained from the type strains of 12 different bifidobacterial species that have been...article 2003
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TNO BIBRA (author), Edwards, C.A. (author), Rumney, C. (author), Davies, M. (author), Parrett, A.M. (author), Dore, J. (author), Martin, F. (author), Schmitt, J. (author), Stahl, B. (author), Norin, E. (author), Midtvedt, T. (author), Rowland, I.R. (author), Heavey, P. (author), Köhler, H. (author), Stocks, B. (author), Schroten, H. (author)Objectives: Bacterial colonization of the infant gut may have important influences on the development of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and allergic disease. Early diet is a major determinant of the gut microflora. It is very difficult to carry out studies in human infants that can investigate the interaction of diet, flora, and mucosa. In this...article 2003
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TNO Voeding (author), Venema, K. (author), van Nuenen, M.H.M.C. (author), van den Heuvel, E.G. (author), Pool, W. (author), van der Vossen, J.M.B.M. (author)The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo effect of lactulose on faecal parameters with the effect in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the proximal large intestine (TIM-2). Faecal samples from 10 human volunteers collected before (non-adapted) and after 1 week of treatment (10 g/day) with lactulose (lactulose-adapted...article 2003
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Reichl, F.X. (author), Durner, J. (author), Kunzelmann, K.H. (author), Hickel, R. (author), Spahl, W. (author), Hume, W.R. (author), Moes, G.W.H (author), Kehe, K. (author), Walther, U. (author), Forth, W. (author)The excretion of the dental composite component triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in feces and urine in vivo and, using the pendular perfusion technique with segments of jejunum and colon, the biliary and enteric excretion in situ were investigated in anesthetized guinea pigs. In the in situ experiments guinea pigs (n=4) received TEGDMA...article 2001
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Weijtens, M.J.B.M. (author), Urlings, H.A.P. (author), van der Plas, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Fattening pigs are often infected with campylobacter. To eliminate campylobacter from the pig population, a top-down approach, involving the breeding and reproduction farms, seems appropriate. In order to investigate the effectiveness of a top-down approach, sows' faeces from the following farms were analysed for the presence of campylobacter:...article 2000
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van Dokkum, W. (author), Wezendonk, B. (author), Srikumar, T.S. (author), van den Heuvel, E.G.H.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: To study the effect of the intake of 15 g nondigestible oligosaccharides per day on various parameters of large-bowel function, as well as on blood lipid concentrations and glucose absorption in man. Design: Latin square, randomized, double-blind, diet-controlled. Setting: Metabolic research unit. Subjects: Twelve apparently healthy...article 1999
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Srikumar, T.S. (author), Wezendonk, B. (author), van Dokkum, W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In the present pilot study, for investigating the physiological effects of different types of nondigestible oligosaccharides, we have validated the application of methodologies for the analysis of bile acids and neutral steroids in feces of human subjects. The accuracy of the extraction and chromatographic procedures for the analyses of bile...article 1998
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Spanhaak, S. (author), Havenaar, R. (author), Schaafsma, G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: To determine the effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (L. casei Shirota) on the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal microflora, and immune parameters in humans. Subjects: Twenty healthy male subjects aged 40-65 years were selected. Design: A placebo-controlled trial was...article 1998
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