The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

Introduction: Malnutrition refers to both over- and undernutrition and results from a disruption in energy balance. It affects one in three people worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The intestinal microbiota represents a newly identified factor that might contribute to the development of malnutrition, as it...

Active Living: development and quasi-experimental evaluation of a school-centered physical activity intervention for primary school children

Background The worldwide increase in the rates of childhood overweight and physical inactivity requires successful prevention and intervention programs for children. The aim of the Active Living project is to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior of Dutch primary school children by developing and implementing tailored,...

Changes in self-reported energy balance behaviours and body mass index during a mass media campaign

Background: Prevention of (serious) overweight can be achieved by means of small behaviour changes in physical activity and/or diet. Objective: To evaluate a mass media campaign promoting energy balance behaviours in a Dutch population. Effects were examined for body mass index (BMI) and five energy balance behaviours. Methods: A representative...

Modelling piloted ignition of wood and plastics

To gain insight in the startup of an incinerator, this article deals with piloted ignition. A newly developed model is described to predict the piloted ignition times of wood, PMMA and PVC. The model is based on the lower flammability limit and the adiabatic flame temperature at this limit. The incoming radiative heat flux, sample thickness and...

Clustering of Dietary Intake and Sedentary Behavior in 2-Year-Old Children

Objective: To examine clustering of energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) in young children. This is crucial because lifestyle habits are formed at an early age and track in later life. This study is the first to examine EBRB clustering in children as young as 2 years. Study design: Cross-sectional data originated from the Child, Parent and...

CO2 neutral glass manufacturing?: A study of the possibilities

The technological needs to achieve CO2 neutrality during glass manufacturing have been investigated by theoretical calculations on energy balances and experimental investigations on batch reactivity and fining efficiency. The concept is based on the assumption of utilization of woody bio fuel combustion directly over the batch blanket and glass...

Gaining Insight into Microbial Physiology in the Large Intestine: A Special Role for Stable Isotopes

The importance of the human large intestine for nutrition, health, and disease, is becoming increasingly realized. There are numerous indications of a distinct role for the gut in such important issues as immune disorders and obesity-linked diseases. Research on this long-neglected organ, which is colonized by a myriad of bacteria, is a rapidly...

Leptin deficiency unmasks the deleterious effects of impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ function (P465L PPARγ) in mice

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is a key transcription factor facilitating fat deposition in adipose tissue through its proadipogenic and lipogenic actions. Human patients with dominant-negative mutations in PPARγ display lipodystrophy and extreme insulin resistance. For this reason it was completely unexpected that mice...

Volatilization of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and fenpropimorph from a potato crop

Volatilization of pesticides from crops in the field can be an important emission pathway. In a field experiment with characterization of meteorological conditions, the pesticides chlorpyrifos and fenpropimorph were sprayed onto a potato crop, after which concentrations in the air and on/in the plants were measured. Rates of volatilization were...

Biomarkers of satiation and satiety

This review's objective is to give a critical summary of studies that focused on physiologic measures relating to subjectively rated appetite, actual food intake, or both. Biomarkers of satiation and satiety may be used as a tool for assessing the satiating efficiency of foods and for understanding the regulation of food intake and energy...

A comparison of the eco-efficiency of two production routes for methanol

To achieve sustainable development in the chemical industry, there is a need for methodologies to assess the eco-efficiency of alternative and novel technologies. The aim of this project was to use a case study to investigate the application of existing tools to assess eco-efficiency. The case study compared the conventional methanol production...

The effect of body weight changes and endurance training on 24 h substrate oxidation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of exercise training and dietary macronutrient composition on 24 h substrate oxidation in male, obese subjects. DESIGN: A 16 month exercise intervention study was executed, including a weight loss period with a very low energy diet (VLED) for 2 months at the start of the study. SUBJECTS: Twelve male, obese...

The future of the petro-chemical industry: a MARKAL-MATTER analysis

MARKAL-MATTER model results regarding the impact of greenhouse gaspolicies on the petrochemical industry in Western Europe are discussed from an integrated chain perspective. The MARKAL-MATTER model gives insight how different technologies might develop in the next decades at different emission permit prices. First, the present situation in the...

VIERS-1 scatterometer model

In this paper a description is given of a physically based theoretical ocean backscatter model (called the VIERS-1 model) for intermediate incidence angles, and a comparison of its performance against the CMOD4 empirical model is made. The VIERS-1 scatterometer algorithm is based on a two-scale composite surface model which includes both...