Particle number concentration near road traffic in Amsterdam (the Netherlands): Comparison of standard and real-world emission factors

In this study, NOx and particle number concentration (PNC) at an urban background and a traffic location were measured in the city of Amsterdam (the Netherlands). Modelled and measured contributions to NOx and PNC at the traffic location were used to derive real-world PN emission factors for average urban road traffic. The results for NOx were...

Improving the modeling of road dust levels for Barcelona at urban scale and street level

Road dust emission is an emerging issue in air quality due to the lack of remediation measures in contrast to vehicle exhaust emissions. The evidence of receptor modeling studies allows for quantifying impact on a few receptors, but the high cost of PM chemical speciation data and the questionable representativeness of single monitoring sites,...

Impact of inland shipping emissions on elemental carbon concentrations near waterways in The Netherlands

This study aims to quantify the impact of black carbon from inland shipping on air quality, expressed as elemental carbon (EC) near inland waterways in The Netherlands. Downwind measurements of particle numbers and EC were used to establish emission factors for EC from inland shipping using inverse modelling. These emission factors were combined...

Emission factors for heavy metals from diesel and petrol used in European vehicles

Abstract: Heavy metals constitute an important group of persistent toxic pollutants occurring in ambient air and other media. One of the suspected sources of these metals in the atmosphere is combustion of transport fuels in road vehicles. However estimates of the emissions of these metals from road vehicles as reported in national emission...

Refined vehicle and driving-behaviour dependencies in the Versit+ emission model

The demand for local and time-dependent emission predictions, in combination with new time-dependent modal-mass and mobile PEMS measurements induced major changes in the VERSIT+ emission model of TNO. The current version is the third, after the second major revision and has two major differences with the previous approach. First, an individual...

Indirect N2O emission due to atmospheric N deposition for the Netherlands

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced in soils and aquatic systems. The UNFCCC requires participants to report 'indirect' N2O emissions, following from agricultural N losses to ground- and surface water and N deposition on (other) ecosystems due to agricultural sources. Indirect N2O emission due to atmospheric N deposition is...

N2O-emissions of LD and HD vehicles

Real-world driving behaviour of cars

A methodology was developed to quantify the emissions of traffic congestion on Dutch motorways. In the first phase of the project a categorisation of traffic flow conditions on motorways was elaborated. This categorisation was eventually linked to a traffic monitoring system that operates with induction loops. In the second phase trips were...

Heavy-duty approval test cycles: Assessment of currently applied test cycles and theories for the development of new duty cycles

In the development of the new emission reduction technologies, the benefits of the use of these technologies must be assessed for real-life engine use. As in practice engines are developed to perform as good as possible on the approval test cycle on the basis of which emission limits are set, it is of the utmost importance that the engine load...