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Tielemans, E. (author), Noy, D. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Heussen, H. (author), van der Schaaf, D. (author), West, J. (author), Fransman, W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In The Netherlands, the web-based tool called 'Stoffenmanager' was initially developed to assist small- and medium-sized enterprises to prioritize and control risks of handling chemical products in their workplaces. The aim of the present study was to explore the accuracy of the Stoffenmanager exposure algorithm. This was done by comparing its...article 2008
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Spaan, S. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Preller, L. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Nij, E.T. (author), Heederik, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: Workers in many industries are exposed to endotoxins, which may cause adverse health effects. In exposure assessment, information about exposure variability is essential. However, variability in exposure has rarely been investigated for biological agents and more specifically for endotoxin. Therefore, variance components and...article 2008
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Spaan, S. (author), Doekes, G. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Thorne, P.S. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author)The measurement of airborne endotoxins is thus far not standardized. Earlier studies reported higher endotoxin yields when Tween 20 was added to the media used for filter extraction and in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. This study compared four common media and assessed the effects of Tween during extraction and analysis separately....article 2008
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Division of Technology for Society (author), Snik, F. (author), Karalidi, T. (author), Keller, C. (author), Laan, E. (author), ter Horst, R. (author), Navarro, R. (author), Stam, D. (author), Aas, C. (author), de Vries, J. (author), Oomen, G. (author), Hoogeveen, R. (author)SPEX (Spectropolarimeter for Planetary EXploration) is an innovative, compact remote-sensing instrument for detecting and characterizing aerosols. With its 1-liter volume it is capable of full linear spectropolarimetry, without moving parts. High precision polarimetry is performed through encoding the degree and angle of linear polarization of...conference paper 2008
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Spaan, S. (author), Schinkel, J.M. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Preller, E.A. (author), Tjoe Nij, E.I.M. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Tielemans, E.L.J.P. (author), Preller, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Endotoxin is a well-known toxin which has been associated with several health effects. Many factors influence airborne endotoxin exposure and can cause high variability in exposure between and within workers. Additionally, since the source of endotoxin exposure - gram-negative bacteria - grow and amplify, exposure variability is thought to be...article 2007
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Hermse, C.G.M. (author), Kempen, A. (author), van Wortel, J.C. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The degradation mechanism metal dusting occurs in low and high pressure syngas environments between 500 and 700 C. Metal dusting is a combination of both oxidation and carburization effects, in which a (ferritic or austenitic) alloy matrix is supersaturated with interstitial carbon, usually originating from gaseous carbon monoxide. At...conference paper 2007
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van der Voort, M.M. (author), Klein, A.J.J. (author), de Maaijer, M. (author), van den Berg, A.C. (author), van Deursen, J.R. (author), Versloot, N.H.A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) tool has been developed by TNO for the external safety of industrial plants with a dust explosion hazard. As a first step an industrial plant is divided into groups of modules, defined by their size, shape, and constructional properties. Then the relevant explosion scenarios are determined, together with...article 2007
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Versloot, N.H.A. (author), Klein, A.J.J. (author), de Maaijer, M. (author)On July 1, 2003 a transitional period has ended and two European directives became fully active: Directive 1999/92/EC and Directive 94/9/EC. These directives have an impact on both companies with an explosion hazard (gas, vapor, mist or dust explosions) and on manufacturers of equipment intended to be used in explosive atmospheres. The...conference paper 2007
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Spaan, S. (author), Heederik, D.J.J. (author), Thorne, P.S. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author)Endotoxin exposure occurs in homes and occupational environments and is known to cause adverse health effects. In order to compare results from different studies and establish standards, airborne endotoxin exposures should be assessed using standardized methods. Although the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) developed guidelines for...article 2007
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Meijster, T. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), de Pater, N. (author), Heederik, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Introduction: Recent studies have shown that even low exposure levels to flour dust and related allergens can cause severe respiratory symptoms. In The Netherlands the Dutch government and responsible branch organizations [from bakeries (traditional & industrial), flour mills and bakery ingredient producers] signed a covenant to reduce exposure...article 2006
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Bogdanovic, J. (author), Koets, M. (author), Sander, I. (author), Wouters, I. (author), Meijster, T. (author), Heederik, D. (author), van Amerongen, A. (author), Doekes, G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Occupational allergen exposure assessment usually requires airborne dust sampling at the worksite followed by dust extraction and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analysis at the laboratory. Use of semiquantitative lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) may allow a more rapid detection procedure with direct on-site demonstration of a bioallergen...article 2006
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Kremer, A.M. (author), Pal, T.M. (author), Keimpema, A.R.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: The aim was to gain insight into work experiences and problems of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to develop more effective guidelines for preventing work disability and work loss. Methods: A total of 617 patients aged 45-60, recruited from pulmonary outpatient clinics and general practices, completed a...article 2006
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Tukker, A. (author), Buist, H. (author), van Oers, L. (author), van der Voet, E. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The EU Commission's Services asked TNO and CML to perform a study into the risks of the present uses of lead over time, as an input to a discussion on the need of a further reduction of the use of this material. The study was set up as a substance flow analysis to analyse trends in uses and emissions of lead in Europe between 2000 and 2030. The...article 2006
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Bogdanovic, J. (author), de Pater, A.J. (author), Doekes, G. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Heederik, D.J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Exposure to airborne wheat allergen is a well-known cause of bakers' allergy and asthma. Airborne wheat allergen can be measured by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) in extracts of inhalable dust samples, but only limited knowledge is available on the size distribution of wheat allergen-carrying particles. Recently, a new sampling medium,...article 2006
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Brouwer, D.H. (author), Links, I.H.M. (author), de Vreede, S.A.F. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A simulated workplace study was conducted to investigate the relation between inhalation exposure and dustiness determined with a rotating drum dustiness tester. Three powders were used in the study, i.e. magnesium stearate, representing a very dusty powder, and aluminium oxide and calcium carbonate, representing low and very low dusty powders,...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author), Peretz, C. (author), de Pater, N. (author), de Monchy, J. (author), Oostenbrink, J. (author), Heederik, D. (author)In this article, dust and wheat-allergen exposure were assessed among bakers, flour millers, and bakery-ingredient producers, and the risk for sensitization was studied. About 520 inhalable dust and wheat-allergen measurements were made among 270 Dutch workers. The effect of exposure to both inhalable dust and wheat allergens on sensitization...article 2005
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author)The atmospheric conditions in the Persian Gulf region are significantly different from other places in the world. The particle size distribution may vary daily and during the day. The aerosols can contribute to the amount of rainfall over land, important for the nations around the Gulf. In 2004 NASA/GSFC and NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)...conference paper 2005
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Feron, V.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Slootweg, P.J. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author)Health risks of inhaled nasal toxicants were reviewed with emphasis on chemically induced nasal lesions in humans, sensory irritation, olfactory and trigeminal nerve toxicity, nasal immunopathology and carcinogenesis, nasal responses to chemical mixtures, in vitro models, and nasal dosimetry- and metabolism-based extrapolation of nasal data in...article 2001
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Kruisselbrink, A. (author), Heijne Den Bak-Glashouwer, M.J. (author), Havenith, C.E.G. (author), Thole, J.E.R. (author), Janssen, R. (author)Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to lactobacilli, which are part of the normal intestinal flora, inhibits the development of allergic disorders. Allergy is mediated by Th2 cells, which produce high levels of IL4 and IL5, and suppressive effects of lactic acid bacteria on the development of allergy have been attributed to their Th1...article 2001
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Björkroth, M. (author), Müller, B. (author), Küchen, V. (author), Bluyssen, P.M. (author)Twelve institutes, universities and companies from seven European countries are involved in the European project, AIRLESS, started up at the beginning of 1998 to develop strategies, principles and protocols to improve and control the performance of HVAC-systems and components to enable their incorporation into codes and guidelines. Knowledge of...conference paper 2000