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Heijne, W.H.M. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Benzene is an industrial chemical, component of automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. After hepatic bioactivation benzene induces bone marrow, blood and hepatic toxicity. Using a toxicogenomics approach this study analysed the effects of benzene at three dose levels on gene expression in the liver after 28 daily doses. NMR based metabolomics...article 2005
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Boshuizen, H.C. (author), Stemmerik, L. (author), Westhoff, M.H. (author), Hopman-Rock, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Elderly participants experiencing difficulty in chair rising and with a maximum knee-extensor torque below 87.5 N · m were randomized to different versions of a strength-training program for the knee-extensors: to a high-guidance group (HG; two group sessions supervised by a physical therapist and one unsupervised home session per week, n = 17),...article 2005
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- van der Molen, H. (author), Koningsveld, E. (author), Haslam, R. (author), Gibb, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), van Asperen, J. (author), de Groot, D. (author), Rijcken, W.R.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The toxicity of exposure by inhalation to organic solvents may not only be related to the total external dose, but also to the pattern of exposure. In this study the impact of the exposure scenario on the behavioural effects of the model solvent toluene in rats was investigated. Rats were exposed for 7.5 h to either a constant concentration or...article 2005
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van Hoof, N. (author), Schilt, R. (author), van der Vlis, E. (author), Boshuis, P. (author), van Baak, M. (author), Draaijer, A. (author), de Wasch, K. (author), van de Wiele, M. (author), van Hende, J.V. (author), Courtheyn, D. (author), de Brabander, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Zilpaterol is a new powerful beta-agonist, which is officially registered for fattening purposes in cattle in Mexico and South Africa. Its chemical structure is different from the well-known beta-agonists. Therefore, the routinely used screening methods are not likely to be suited for the analysis of zilpaterol. Also gas chromatography-mass...article 2005
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de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Kaufmann, W.S.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), O'Callaghan, J.P. (author), Pakkenberg, B. (author), Pelgrim, M.T.M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Waanders, M.M. (author), Gundersen, H.J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Our aim was to investigate a model of the morphologic approach proposed in guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT). Hereto, a limited DNT study [EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.6300, 1996a. Developmental Neurotoxicity Study "Public Draft", United States Environmental Protection Agency; Prevention, Pesticides and...article 2005
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Steenstra, I.A. (author), Koopman, F.S. (author), Knol, D.L. (author), Kat, E. (author), Bongers, P.M. (author), de Vet, H.C.W. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Information on prognostic factors for duration of sick leave due to low-back pain (LBP) is growing. In this prospective cohort study, prognostic factors for duration of sick leave and course of disability were identified at a very early stage of sick leave due to LBP. A total of 615 workers calling in sick from work due to LBP at an occupational...article 2005
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Visschedijk, M. (author), Hendriks, R. (author), Nuyts, K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This document provides a general introduction to clarify the differences between quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA). In addition it serves as a starting point for implementing a quality system approach within an organization. The paper offers practical guidance to the implementation of quality and the importance of QC in its...article 2005
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Staal, J.B. (author), Rainville, J. (author), Fritz, J. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), Pransky, G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Introduction: There is a body of literature that indicates that physical exercise interventions, with a primary focus on improvement of functioning instead of pain relief, might be effective to stimulate return to work and improve function in workers who are absent from work due to low back pain (LBP). Successful application and implementation...article 2005
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- Netzeva, T.I. (author), Worth, A.P. (author), Aldenberg, T. (author), Benigni, R. (author), Cronin, M.T.D. (author), Gramatica, P. (author), Jaworska, J.S. (author), Kahn, S. (author), Klopman, G. (author), Marchant, C.A. (author), Myatt, G. (author), Nikolova-Jeliazkova, N. (author), Patlewicz, G.Y. (author), Perkins, R. (author), Roberts, D.W. (author), Schultz, T.W. (author), Stanton, D.T. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Tong, W. (author), Veith, G. (author), Yang, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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Stierum, R. (author), Heijne, W. (author), Kienhuis, A. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Groten, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are genomics technologies with great potential in toxicological sciences. Toxicogenomics involves the integration of conventional toxicological examinations with gene, protein or metabolite expression profiles. An overview together with selected examples of the possibilities of genomics in toxicology...article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author)The potential allergenicity of newly introduced proteins in genetically engineered foods has become an important safety evaluation issue. However, to evaluate the potential allergenicity and the potency of new proteins in our food, there are still no widely accepted and reliable test systems. The best-known allergy assessment proposal for foods...article 2005
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- Gennari, A. (author), van den Berghe, C. (author), Casati, S. (author), Castell, J. (author), Clemedson, C. (author), Coecke, S. (author), Colombo, A. (author), Curren, R. (author), Dal Negro, G. (author), Goldberg, A. (author), Gosmore, C. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Langezaal, I. (author), Lessigiarska, I. (author), Maas, W. (author), Mangelsdorf, I. (author), Parchment, R. (author), Prieto, P. (author), Sintes, J.R. (author), Ryan, M. (author), Schmuck, G. (author), Stitzel, K. (author), Stokes, W. (author), Vericat, J.A. (author), Gribaldo, L. (author), TNO Voeding (author) article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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König, A. (author), Cockburn, A. (author), Crevel, R.W.R. (author), Debruyne, E. (author), Grafstroem, R. (author), Hammerling, U. (author), Kimber, I. (author), Knudsen, I. (author), Kuiper, H.A. (author), Peijnenburg, A.A.C.M. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Poulsen, M. (author), Schauzu, M. (author), Wal, J.M. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)This paper provides guidance on how to assess the safety of foods derived from genetically modified crops (GM crops); it summarises conclusions and recommendations of Working Group 1 of the ENTRANSFOOD project. The paper provides an approach for adapting the test strategy to the characteristics of the modified crop and the introduced trait, and...article 2004
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van den Eede, G. (author), Aarts, H. (author), Buhk, H.J. (author), Corthier, G. (author), Flint, H.J. (author), Hammes, W. (author), Jacobsen, B. (author), Midtvedt, T. (author), van der Vossen, J. (author), von Wright, A. (author), Wackernagel, W. (author), Wilcks, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)In 2000, the thematic network ENTRANSFOOD was launched to assess four different topics that are all related to the testing or assessment of food containing or produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Each of the topics was linked to a European Commission (EC)-funded large shared cost action (see http://www.entransfood.com). Since the...article 2004
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Day, J.S. (author), van der Linden, J.C. (author), Bank, R.A. (author), Ding, M. (author), Hvid, I. (author), Sumner, D.R. (author), Weinans, H. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease with pathological changes in the articulating cartilage and all other tissues that occupy the joint. Radin and coworkers have suggested the involvement of subchondral bone in the disease process. However, evidence for an essential role in the etiology has never been proven. Recent studies showing reduced...article 2004
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de Jongh, H.H.J. (author), Kosters, H.A. (author), Kudryashova, E. (author), Meinders, M.B.J. (author), Trofimova, D. (author), Wierenga, P.A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, a number of molecular functionalities have been studied in relation to the adsorption process of proteins to air-water interfaces. While ellipsometry and drop tensiometry are used to derive information on adsorbed amount and exerted surface pressure, external reflection circular dichroism, infrared,...article 2004
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Ferreira, I. (author), Snijder, M.B. (author), Twisk, J.W.R. (author), van Mechelen, W. (author), Kemper, H.C.G. (author), Seidell, J.C. (author), Stehouwer, C.D.A. (author), TNO Arbeid (author)Central and peripheral fatness seem to confer opposite (i.e. adverse vs. protective) effects on cardiovascular risk, but how this occurs is not clear. In addition, the role of peripheral lean mass needs to be elucidated. We therefore investigated, in 336 (175 women) 36-yr-old and apparently healthy adults, the relationship between trunk fat,...article 2004
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van de Bor, M. (author), den Ouden, L. (author), TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author)Long-term sequelae of preterm birth have been studied extensively up until the age of 5 to 8 years. However, the cognitive development of adolescents born preterm has received limited attention. The objective of this study is to determine school performance in adolescents born very preterm. We have followed up a cohort of 484 infants born before...article 2004