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Heusinkveld, H. (author), Braakhuis, H. (author), Gommans, R. (author), Botham, P. (author), Corvaro, M. (author), van der Laan, J.W. (author), Lewis, D. (author), Madia, F. (author), Manou, I. (author), Schorsch, F. (author), Wolterink, G. (author), Woutersen, R. (author), Corvi, R. (author), Mehta, J. (author), Luijten, M. (author)Chemical substances are subjected to assessment of genotoxic and carcinogenic effects before being marketed to protect man and the environment from health risks. For agrochemicals, the long-term rodent carcinogenicity study is currently required from a regulatory perspective. Although it is the current mainstay for the detection of nongenotoxic...article 2020
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Luijten, M. (author), Olthof, E.D. (author), Hakkert, B.C. (author), Rorije, E. (author), van der Laan, J.-W. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), van Benthem, J. (author)Assessment of genotoxic and carcinogenic potential is considered one of the basic requirements when evaluating possible human health risks associated with exposure to chemicals. Test strategies currently in place focus primarily on identifying genotoxic potential due to the strong association between the accumulation of genetic damage and cancer...article 2016
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TNO Voeding (author), Notermans, S.H.W. (author), Stam, C.N. (author), Behar, A.E. (author)Botulism is caused by an exotoxin produced by the sporeforming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Of the seven different toxin types, A, B, and E are the types commonly implicated in foodborne outbreaks of botulism. Clostridium botulinum toxins are extremely potent neurotoxins and generally occur at low concentrations in implicated foods. The...bookPart 2014
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Mutlu, E. (author), Warren, S.H. (author), Matthews, P.P. (author), King, C. (author), Linak, W.P. (author), Kooter, I.M. (author), Schmid, J.E. (author), Ross, J.A. (author), Ian Gilmour, M. (author), DeMarini, D.M. (author)Several types of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have been used for toxicology studies, including a highorganic automobile DEP (A-DEP) from Japan, and a low-organic forklift DEP developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (N-DEP). However, these DEPs were not characterized extensively for chemical composition or sub...article 2013
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Lundberg, P. (author), Bruin, A. (author), Klijnstra, J.W. (author), Nyström, A.M. (author), Johansson, M. (author), Malkoch, M. (author), Hult, A. (author)Photocured thiol-ene hydrogel coatings based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were investigated for marine antifouling purposes. By varying the PEG length, vinylic end-group, and thiol cross-linker, a library of hydrogel coatings with different structural composition was efficiently accomplished, with or without ester linkages. The thiol...article 2010
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Peter, M. (author), Schüler, T. (author), Furthner, F. (author), Rensing, P.A. (author), van Heck, G.T. (author), Schoo, H.F.M. (author), Möllier, R. (author), Fritzsche, W. (author), van Breemen, A.J.J.M. (author), Meinders, E.R. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Miniaturization of biosensors is envisaged by the development of biochips consisting of parallel microarray patterns of binding sites on rigid substrates, such as glass or silicon. Thin plastic substrates are promising flexible alternatives because of the possibility for large-area roll-to-roll manufacturing of disposable chips at lower costs....article 2009
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Peter, M. (author), Furthner, F. (author), Deen, J. (author), de Laat, W.J.M. (author), Meinders, E.R. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)In this paper the challenges of patterning electrodes with separations in the micron and sub-micron range onto thin polyethylene naphthalate foils for use in biochips are discussed. It was found that it was necessary to improve the adhesion of the metal electrodes to the foil by using plasma treatment and/or an adhesion layer, and a quantitative...article 2009
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de Weert, J. (author), de la Cal, A. (author), van den Berg, H. (author), Murk, A. (author), Langenhoff, A. (author), Rijnaarts, H. (author), Grotenhuis, T. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The surfactant nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disrupting compound that is widely spread throughout the environment. Although environmental risk assessments are based on total NP concentrations, only the bioavailable fraction posses an environmental risk. The present study describes the bioavailability and biodegradability of NP over time in...article 2008
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Spaan, S. (author), Doekes, G. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Thorne, P.S. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author)The measurement of airborne endotoxins is thus far not standardized. Earlier studies reported higher endotoxin yields when Tween 20 was added to the media used for filter extraction and in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. This study compared four common media and assessed the effects of Tween during extraction and analysis separately....article 2008
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Jeurissen, S.M.F. (author), Claassen, F.W. (author), Havlik, J. (author), Bouwmans, E.E. (author), Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), Sudhölter, E.J.R. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), van Beek, T.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)An on-line HPLC screening method for detection of inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 1A2 in extracts was developed. HPLC separation of extracts is connected to a continuous methoxyresorufin-O-demethylation (MROD) assay in which recombinant human P450 1A2 converts methoxyresorufin to its fluorescent metabolite resorufin. The system was tested...article 2007
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Bogdanovic, J. (author), de Pater, A.J. (author), Doekes, G. (author), Wouters, I.M. (author), Heederik, D.J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: Exposure to airborne wheat allergen is a well-known cause of bakers' allergy and asthma. Airborne wheat allergen can be measured by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) in extracts of inhalable dust samples, but only limited knowledge is available on the size distribution of wheat allergen-carrying particles. Recently, a new sampling medium,...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Kubben, F.J.G.M. (author), Sier, C.F.M. (author), van Duijn, W. (author), Griffioen, G. (author), Hanemaaijer, R. (author), van de Velde, C.J.H. (author), van Krieken, J.H.J.M. (author), Lamers, C.B.H.W. (author), Verspaget, H.W. (author)In a pioneer study, we showed 10 years ago that enhanced tissue levels of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 in gastric cancers, as determined by zymography, were related with worse overall survival of the patients. To corroborate these observations, we now assessed MMP-2 and MMP-9 with new techniques in an expanded group of...article 2006
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Blankvoort, B.M.G. (author), Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), Murk, A.J. (author), Koeman, J.H. (author), Schilt, R. (author), Aarts, J.M.M.J.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This paper describes the screening of 22 extracts from 18 different aquatic environmental samples for androgenic activity, including indirect and interactive effects on androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signal transduction, using the AR-LUX bioassay. Four samples, originating from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WTP) or the river Meuse,...article 2005
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Schaafsma, G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Score (PDCAAS) is discussed. PDCAAS is now widely used as a routine assay for protein quality evaluation, replacing the more traditional biological methods [e.g., measurement of the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) in rats]. PDCAAS is based on comparison of the essential amino acid content of a test protein...article 2005
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Watermann, B.T. (author), Daehne, B. (author), Sievers, S. (author), Dannenberg, R. (author), Overbeke, J.C. (author), Klijnstra, J.W. (author), Heemken, O. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Over the years several types of biocide-free antifouling paints have entered the market. The prohibition of biocidal antifouling paints in special areas of some European countries such as Sweden, Denmark and Germany has favoured the introduction of these paints to the market. Several types of biocide-free antifouling paints were subjected to...article 2005
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Immer, U. (author), Reck, B. (author), Lindeke, S. (author), Koppelman, S. (author), TNO Voeding (author)During the last years allergenic substances in food have gained more and more attention. Stricter rules for a peanut free food labelling demand a peanut contamination less than 5 ppm. The maintenance of a high quality of food products with regards to allergenic exposure is preferable warranted with rapid tests that can be utilized as an aid for...article 2004
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Head, R.M. (author), Berntsson, K.M. (author), Dahlström, M. (author), Overbeke, J.C. (author), Thomason, J.C. (author), TNO Industrie (author)Gregarious behaviour of marine larvae is perhaps most clearly associated with finding a suitable habitat in a changeable or restricted environment, or with finding other conspecifics with which to mate. Prior work has shown that in settlement assays using cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, gregarious interactions significantly...article 2004
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Kralj, S. (author), van Geel-Schutten, G.H. (author), van der Maarel, M.J.E.C. (author), Dijkhuizen, L. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 uses sucrose for synthesis of a unique, soluble glucan ('reuteran') with mainly α-(1→4) glucosidic linkages. The gene (gtfA) encoding this glucansucrase enzyme had previously been characterized. Here, a detailed biochemical and molecular analysis of the GTFA enzyme is presented. This is believed to be the first...article 2004
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TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author), Levasseur, A. (author), Pagès, S. (author), Fierobe, H.P. (author), Navarro, D. (author), Punt, P. (author), Belaïch, J.P. (author), Asther, M. (author), Record, E. (author)A chimeric enzyme associating feruloyl esterase A (FAEA) from Aspergilhis niger and dockerin from Clostridium thermocellum was produced in A. niger. A completely truncated form was produced when the dockerin domain was located downstream of the FAEA (FAEA-Doc), whereas no chimeric protein was produced when the bacterial dockerin domain was...article 2004
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Blankvoort, B.M.G. (author), Aarts, J.M.M.J.G. (author), Schilt, R. (author), Geerdink, P. (author), Spenkelink, B. (author), Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Despite a ban by the European Union, the use of anabolic steroids and repartitioning agents in cattle is still occasionally observed. Due to continuing improvements in analytical techniques, very low detection limits for individual compounds have been achieved. In response to these developments, cocktails composed of several steroids have been...article 2003
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