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Zwetsloot, G.I.J.M. (author), Ashford, N.A. (author)Inherent Safety is generally recognised as an important concept in the design of chemical plants. It is, however, often regarded as the sole province of engineers. Inspired by the successful development in the last decade from cleaner technology towards Cleaner Production, we explored in this research the feasibility of what we call Inherently...article 2003
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van Hoof, J.F.A.M. (author), de Lange, R. (author), Verver, M.M. (author), TNO Automotive (author)This paper presents a detailed numerical model of the human body that can be used to evaluate both safety and comfort aspects of vehicle interiors. The model is based on a combination of rigid body and finite element techniques to provide an optimal combination of computational efficiency and accuracy. All main articulations are implemented and...conference paper 2003
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Hancock, P.A. (author), de Ridder, S.N. (author)Road traffic accidents are the single greatest cause of fatality in the workplace and the primary cause of all accidental death in the U.S. to the age of seventy-eight. However, behavioral analysis of response in the final seconds and milliseconds before collision has been a most difficult proposition since the quantitative recording of such...article 2003
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van Erp, J.B.F. (author), Padmos, P. (author)Indirect viewing systems such as tv cameras can potentially support drivers under low visibility conditions or when the driver's field of view (FOV) is restricted. In three experiments, we identified the critical image parameters of such systems on vehicle control. We used a taskbattery that measured lateral and longitudinal vehicle control in...article 2003
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TNO Technische Menskunde (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Valeton, J.M. (author), de Ruiter, C.J. (author)TNO Human Factors in the Netherlands developed a prototype apparatus for testing the image quality of X-ray Baggage Screening Systems: BAXSTER. BAXSTER stands for BAggage X-ray Screening TesteR. The test has a variety of applications, e.g. support by the choice of optimal screening systems for airport security, comparison of competing X-ray...conference paper 2003
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Waagmeester, C.D. (author), van Ratingen, M.R. (author), Giavotto, V. (author), Notarnicola, L. (author), Goldner, S. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Following an integral approach unique in aircraft safety, the European HeliSafe project aims to improve the survivability of helicopter crashes and to reduce the risk at injuries for occupants in cockpit and cabin. In the project, a modified FAA-Hybrid III is used for the baseline-, design- and concept validation tests based on helicopter crash...conference paper 2002
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Fabiano, B. (author), Kersten, R.J.A. (author), Opschoor, G. (author), Pastorino, R. (author)The occurrence of a rapid phase transition, or so-called explosive boiling, when a cold volatile liquid comes into contact with a hot liquid or hot surface is a potential hazard in industry. This study was focused on the explosive boiling potential of thermally stratified liquid-liquid systems that result from a runaway reaction. The...article 2002
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Malchaire, J. (author), Geng, Q. (author), Den Hartog, E. (author), Havenith, G. (author), Holmer, I. (author), Piette, A. (author), Powell, S.L. (author), Rintamäki, H. (author), Rissanen, S. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)Objectives. At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was conducted jointly in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the gripping and handling of cold items. Methods. Four hundred and fourteen experiments were run where...article 2002
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de Vries, Y.W.R. (author), Martens, M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde TNO Wegtansportmiddelen (author)Dit rapport behandelt een aanrijding tussen een tram en een personenauto op de trambaankruising op de Broersvest te Schiedam. Het ongeval vond plaats op 9 juli 2001 rond 17.00 uur in de middagreport 2002
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de Vries, Y.W.R. (author), Martens, M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Dit rapport beschrijft een ongeval tussen twee trams. Het ongeval gebeurde op donderdag 5 juli 2001 rond 17.37. De achterop komende tram had naar alle waarschijnlijkheid een storing welke de remming beïnvloedde. Tezamen met de relatief korte afstand tussen de achteropkomende (tram 749) en de voorgaande tram (tram 744) was een aanrijding...report 2002
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Schrooten, M. (author), Cassan, F. (author), Trosseille, X. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Child restraint systems (CRS) for cars are intended to protect children in the case of a car accident. Unfortunately their effectiveness is still too low: in the range 30-50% when it would be expected to be much higher. The low effectiveness of child restraint systems can partly be explained for the youngest passengers by their greater cervical...conference paper 2001
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de Lange, R. (author), Cappon, H.J. (author), Beusenberg, C.M. (author), Shewchenko, N. (author), Newman, J.A. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)A mathematical modeling study is conducted to investigate neck coupling in helmeted head impacts. The main objective of the study is to provide direction for the experimental reconstruction of American football player impacts. Head responses are compared in MADYMO simulations of various impact scenarios without neck coupling, with an improved...conference paper 2001
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Punte, P.A.J. (author), Post, W.M. (author), TNO Technische Menskunde (author)The Royal Netherlands Navy is planning to design a hydrographic survey vessel to replace the currently used vessels in order to extend the tasks of an Officer by reducing require manning. The design includes the arrangements of workspace and the detailed design of workplaces. Digital human models are used to check the anthropometric qualities of...conference paper 2001
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van Tol, A. (author), Hendriks, H.F.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, as well as ischaemic stroke and possibly type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological and physiological data are in favour of a causal relationship. Proposed protective mechanisms include the stimulation of HDL-mediated processes such as reverse cholesterol...article 2001
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de Vries, Y.W.R. (author), Mooi, H.G. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)For the 1993-1997 Dutch national accident data, logistic regression analysis was used to find the most important factors, that influenced the outcome of an accident with a truck involved. Frequency counts were used to identify factors that occurred most frequently. The combination of these two methods led to the most important factors...conference paper 2001
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Mooi, H.G. (author), Galliano, F. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)In September 1999 the Dutch Accident Research Team (DART) within TNO Automotive started with the in-depth investigation of traffic accidents. In this paper, the methodology, working procedures and experiences of the team are described and explained in detail. Furthermore, an elaborate description of a European study of Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW)...conference paper 2001
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Brouwer, D.H. (author), Marquart, H. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Introduction of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the process of quantitative exposure and risk assessment should be addressed carefully. PPE which have been designed and manufactured according to CE-criteria and have proved to pass relevant test criteria, can be classified as 'proper functioning'. However, test criteria for PPE are not...article 2001
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de Lange, R. (author), Happee, R. (author), Coley, G. (author), de Oliveira, P. (author), Neal-Sturgess, C.E. (author), TNO Wegtransportmiddelen (author)Pedestrian computer model validation currently relies on published data from cadaver tests, which are impact specific. Both the ethical and cost issues make large scale testing of various impact scenarios and body sizes unfeasible. This study focuses on modelling a real-world accident to determine how such a methodology can be used to further...conference paper 2001
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- TNO Preventie en Gezondheid (author), Wijlhuizen, G.J. (author), Radder, J. (author), Graafmans W., (author), van Rijckevorsel, J. (author), Brand, J. (author) report 2001
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO BIBRA (author), Becker, R. (author), Nikolova, T. (author), Wolff, I. (author), Lovell, D. (author), Hüttner, E. (author), Foth, H. (author)The mutant frequency (MF) in the hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) locus of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was measured in a population environmentally exposed to vinyl chloride - a toxic and carcinogenic substance through an accidental release into the atmosphere. It was compared to MF in a control group of unexposed...article 2001