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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Jonker, D. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Bos, P.M.J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The OECD Health Effects Test Guidelines (TGs) provide guidance concerning the use of methods for the identification and characterization of hazards from chemical substances. These TGs are largely based on tests in routine use for many years and are known to yield information relevant to various types of toxicity. They have proven their value in...article 2008
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Peters, R.J.B. (author), Beeltje, H. (author), van Delft, R.J. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)The exposure to some chemicals can lead to hormone disrupting effects. Presently, much attention is focused on so-called xeno-estrogens, synthetic compounds that interact with hormone receptors causing a number of reactions that eventually lead to effects related to reproduction and development. The current study was initiated to investigate the...article 2008
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Bouwman, T. (author), Cronin, M.T. (author), Bessems, J.G. (author), van de Sandt, J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The new regulatory framework REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals) foresees the use of non-testing approaches, such as read-across, chemical categories, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). Although information on skin absorption data are not a formal...article 2008
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Gibbs, S. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Merk, H.F. (author), Lockley, D.J. (author), Pendlington, R.U. (author), Pease, C.K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In this review, we discuss and compare studies of xenobiotic metabolism in both human skin and 3D human skin reconstructs. In comparison to the liver, the skin is a less studied organ in terms of characterising metabolic capability. While the skin forms the major protective barrier to environmental chemical exposure, it is also a potential...article 2007
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Joost, H.G. (author), Gibney, M.J. (author), Cashman, K.D. (author), Görman, U. (author), Hesketh, J.E. (author), Mueller, M. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Williams, C.M. (author), Mathers, J.C. (author)Personalised, genotype-based nutrition is a concept that links genotyping with specific nutritional advice in order to improve the prevention of nutrition-associated, chronic diseases. This review describes the current scientific basis of the concept and discusses its problems. There is convincing evidence that variant genes may indeed determine...article 2007
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Frieke Kuper, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Histologic examination of lymphoid organs has revealed immunotoxic effects of a broad range of substances. The thymus has proven especially sensitive. The relative lack of sensitivity of mucosa-associated lymphoid cells and tissues may be due to shortcomings in the way they are examined. Validation of ways to examine mucosal lymphoid tissues and...article 2006
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Heijne, W.H.M. (author), Kienhuis, A.S. (author), vnn Ommen, B. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Groten, J.P. (author)Toxicogenomics can facilitate the identification and characterization of toxicity, as illustrated in this review. Toxicogenomics, the application of the functional genomics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in toxicology enables the study of adverse effects of xenobiotic substances in relation to structure and activity...article 2005
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van Erk, M.J. (author), Teuling, E. (author), Staal, Y.C.M. (author), Huybers, S. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Aarts, J.M.M.J.G. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Background. Curcumin is a spice and a coloring food compound with a promising role in colon cancer prevention. Curcumin protects against development of colon tumors in rats treated with a colon carcinogen, in colon cancer cells curcumin can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, it is an anti-oxidant and it can act as an anti...article 2004
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Jonker, D. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), de Hollander, A.E.M. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Recent developments in hazard identification and risk assessment of chemical mixtures are reviewed. Empirical, descriptive approaches to study and characterize the toxicity of mixtures have dominated during the past two decades, but an increasing number of mechanistic approaches have made their entry into mixture toxicology. A series of...article 2004
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Price, R.J. (author), Scott, M.P. (author), Walters, D.G. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Meredith, C. (author), Lake, B.G. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The effect of thiabendazole (TB) on some rat hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes has been investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet or diets containing 102-5188 ppm TB for 28 days. As a positive control for induction of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, rats were also fed diets containing 1457 and 10,155 ppm butylated...article 2004
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Feron, V.J. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)This paper addresses major developments in the safety evaluation of chemical mixtures during the past 15 years, reviews today's state of the art of mixture toxicology, and discusses challenges ahead. Well-thought-out tailor-made mechanistic and empirical designs for studying the toxicity of mixtures have gradually substituted trial-and-error...article 2002
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Feron, V.J. (author), Cassee, F.R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), van Vliet, P.W. (author), van Zorge, J.A. (author), TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In this article, we highlight new developments and recent studies concerning adverse human health effects related to chemical mixtures. One group of activities comprises the development of a new computer program for analyzing mixture studies and a mathematical model as a basis for combination rules that predict the toxicity of mixtures. Other...article 2002
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Feron, V.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Slootweg, P.J. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author)Health risks of inhaled nasal toxicants were reviewed with emphasis on chemically induced nasal lesions in humans, sensory irritation, olfactory and trigeminal nerve toxicity, nasal immunopathology and carcinogenesis, nasal responses to chemical mixtures, in vitro models, and nasal dosimetry- and metabolism-based extrapolation of nasal data in...article 2001
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Sartorelli, P. (author), Andersen, H.R. (author), Angerer, J. (author), Corish, J. (author), Drexler, H. (author), Göen, T. (author), Griffin, P. (author), Hotchkiss, S.A.M. (author), Larese, F. (author), Montomoli, L. (author), Perkins, J. (author), Schmelz, M. (author), van de Sandt, J. (author), Williams, F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)During the last few years the general interest in the percutaneous absorption of chemicals has increased. It is generally accepted that there is very few reliable quantitative and qualitative data on dermal exposure to chemicals in the general population and in occupationally exposed workers. In order to predict the systemic risk of dermally...article 2000
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Renwick, A.B. (author), Watts, P.S. (author), Edwards, R.J. (author), Barton, P.T. (author), Guyonnet, I. (author), Price, R.J. (author), Tredger, J.M. (author), Pelkonen, O. (author), Boobis, A.R. (author), Lake, B.G. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)The maintenance of the major hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes has been studied in precision-cut human liver slices cultured for up to 72 h in supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. The relative apoprotein levels of 11 CYP enzymes were determined using a panel of antipeptide antibodes. In addition, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, tolbutamide...article 2000
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Hissink, A.M. (author), Wormhoudt, L.W. (author), Sherratt, P.J. (author), Hayes, J.D. (author), Commandeur, J.N.M. (author), Vermeulen, N.P.E. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model was developed for ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) for rats and humans, partly based on previously published in vitro data (Ploemen et al., 1997). In the present study, this PB-PK model has been validated for the rat. In addition, new data were used for the human class ΘGST T1-1....article 2000
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van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In general, glutathione conjugation is regarded as a detoxication reaction. However, depending on the properties of the substrate, bioactivation is also possible. Four types of activation reaction have been recognized: direct-acting compounds, conjugates that are activated through cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, conjugates that are activated...article 2000
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Mol, H.G.J. (author), Sunarto, S. (author), Steijger, O.M. (author)The combined gas chromatographic determination of a number of hydroxyl-group containing endocrine disruptors, including 4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 4-tert.-butylbenzoic acid, bisphenol-A, 17?-estradiol and 17?-ethynylestradiol, was investigated. Derivatization, required for sensitive determination of...article 2000
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- TNO Pharma (author), Hoebe, K.H.N. (author), Monshouwer, M. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), Fink-Gremmels, J. (author), van Miert, A.S.J.P.A.M. (author) article 2000
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Cashman, J.R. (author), Xiong, Y. (author), Lin, J. (author), Verhagen, H. (author), van Poppel, G. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Larsen-Su, S. (author), Williams, D.E. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The effect of consumption of glucosinolate-containing Brussels sprouts on flavin-containing monooxygenase functional activity in humans was investigated in 10 healthy, male, non-smoking volunteers. After a 3-week run-in period, 5 volunteers continued on a glucosinolate-free diet for 3 weeks (control group), and 5 others consumed 300 g of cooked...article 1999
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