Biodiversity Loss from Freshwater Use for China’s Electricity Generation

Why do people remain attached to unsafe drinking water options? Quantitative evidence from Southwestern Bangladesh

The acceptance of newly implemented, safe drinking water options is not guaranteed. In the Khulna and Satkhira districts, Bangladesh, pond water is pathogen-contaminated, while groundwater from shallow tubewells may be arsenic- or saline-contaminated. This study aims to determine why, as well as the extent to which, people are expected to remain...

Potential for managed aquifer recharge in southwestern Bangladesh based on social necessity and technical suitability

In southwestern Bangladesh, clean drinking water is scarce, since rainwater is only available during the monsoon, pond water is often bacteriologically polluted, and groundwater may exhibit high salinity and arsenic levels. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) might potentially provide safe drinking water by storing abundant freshwater from the wet...

Forensic hydrology reveals why groundwater tables in the province of Noord Brabant (the Netherlands) dropped more than expected

Since the nineteen fifties, groundwater levels in the Netherlands dropped more than as simulated by hydrological models. In the rural sandy part of the Netherlands, the difference amounts to approximately 0.3 m on average. The answer to the question of what or who caused this 'background decline' of groundwater tables may have juridical and...

Groundwater salinity mapping of the Belgian coastal zone to improve local freshwater storage availability

In the European TOPSOIL project, countries around the North Sea are searching for solutions for climate related threats. They explore the possibilities of using the topsoil layer to solve current and future water challenges. The main objective is to improve the climate resilience of the water management of the topsoil and shallow aquifers in the...

Understanding the influence of buckwheat bran on wheat dough baking performance: Mechanistic insights from molecular and material science approaches

A molecular and material science approach is used to describe the influence of coarse and fine buckwheat bran on wheat dough properties and bread textural quality. Focus is given on (i) gluten solvation and structural arrangements in presence of bran as studied by front-face fluorescence; (ii) thermo-mechanical behavior of dough during heating...

Enhanced heat transfer in confined pool boiling

We report the results of an experimental investigation of the heat transfer during nucleate boiling on a spatially confined boiling surface. The heat flux as a function of the boiling surface temperature was measured in pool boiling pots with diameters ranging from 15 mm down to 4.5 mm. It was found that a reduction of the pool diameter leads to...

Estimation of the consumption of cold tap water for microbiological risk assessment: An overview of studies and statistical analysis of data

The volume of cold tap water consumed is an essential element in quantitative microbial risk assessment. This paper presents a review of tap water consumption studies. Study designs were evaluated and statistical distributions were fitted to water consumption data from The Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany and Australia. We conclude that the...

Use of models to support the monitoring requirements in the water framework directive

Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) poses many new challenges to European water managers. Monitoring programmes play a key role to assess the status and identify possible trends in the environmental conditions of river basins; to gain new knowledge on water processes and to assess to which extent implemented measures...

Phases management for advanced life support processes

For a planetary base, a reliable life support system including food and water supply, gas generation and waste management is a condition sine qua non. While for a short-term period the life support system may be an open loop, i.e. water, gases and food provided from the Earth, for long-term missions the system has to become more and more...

Toxicological evaluation of chemical mixtures

This paper addresses major developments in the safety evaluation of chemical mixtures during the past 15 years, reviews today's state of the art of mixture toxicology, and discusses challenges ahead. Well-thought-out tailor-made mechanistic and empirical designs for studying the toxicity of mixtures have gradually substituted trial-and-error...

Mixtures and interactions

Drinking water can be considered as a complex mixture that consists of tens, hundreds or thousands of chemicals of which the composition is qualitatively and quantitatively not fully known. From a public health point of view it is most relevant to answer the question of whether chemicals in drinking water interact in a way that results in an...

Does the risk of childhood diabetes mellitus require revision of the guideline values for nitrate in drinking water?

In recent years, several studies have addressed a possible relationship between nitrate exposure and childhood type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present ecologic study describes a possible relation between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and nitrate levels in drinking water in The Netherlands, and evaluates whether the World...

A carcinogenicity study with mutagenic organic concentrates of drinking-water in the Netherlands

The carcinogenicity in male and female Wistar SSP TOX rats of organic drinking-water concentrates that are positive in the Ames test was studied at thr. Chemicals/CAS: Carcinogens, Environmental; Mutagens; Water Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical.

The role of hydrology in the United Nations Water Decade

Water is essential for life. It makes up nine-tenths of the human body's volume and two-thirds of its weight. Without water, no one can survive for more than a few days. This vital element covers about, three-quarters of the earth's surface. But 97.4 per cent is salt water in oceans; 1.8 percent is frozen in polar regions. Fresh water, needed by...