Taming the eHMI jungle A classification taxonomy to guide compare and assess the design principles of automated vehicles external human-machine interfaces

A headway to improve PTW rider safety within the EU through three types of ITS

Introduction: The current safety situation for Powered Two Wheelers (PTW) within the EU is alarming. According to EU statistics, PTW riders account for 17% of all fatal road injuries in the region and twice as many fatalities per hundred thousand registered vehicles compared with occupants of cars. In recent years, too little attention has been...

Intersection safety system for cyclists trial: Results and lessons learned

Intelligent Transport Systems are being developed to improve the safety of cyclists. A trial of one such system, an Intersection Safety system, was held in Helmond, the Netherlands, in March 2015. The trial tested the technical performance of the set-up, as well as the cyclists’ subjective and objective behavior during the tests. Car passengers...

Integration of vulnerable road users in cooperative ITS systems

Introduction: This paper describes the development of an architecture for the integration of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), i.e. pedestrians, cyclists and powered two-wheelers (PTWs) in Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) systems, and the requirements for VRU devices. Methods: This paper starts with a literature overview on research related to safety...

Recommendations for actions concerning supporting ITS developments for VRUs

Introduction: This paper presents some of the work conducted in FP7 VRUITS project to draw a set of general recommendations for actions at the EU level aiming to enhance the deployment of ITS systems directed to improve the safety, mobility and comfort of vulnerable road users. Method: The work started by identifying potential barriers, as well...

Safety, mobility and comfort assessment methodologies of intelligent transport systems for vulnerable road users

Introduction: This paper describes the modification and development of methodologies to assess the impacts of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications for Vulnerable Road users (VRUs) in the domains of safety, mobility and comfort. This effort was carried out in the context of the VRUITS project whose aim was to produce results at the EU...

Cross-comparison of three surrogate safety methods to diagnose cyclist safety problems at intersections in Norway

Relying on accident records as the main data source for studying cyclists’ safety has many drawbacks, such as high degree of under-reporting, the lack of accident details and particularly of information about the interaction processes that led to the accident. It is also an ethical problem as one has to wait for accidents to happen in order to...

Impact Assessment of Its Applications for Vulnerable Road Users

The EU-sponsored VRUITS project has prioritized ITS applications which have a potential to improve the safety, mobility and comfort of vulnerable road users (VRUs) and performed a quantitative safety, mobility and comfort assessment for the 10 most promising systems. The assessment methodology addresses not only the direct effects of the systems...

Cross-comparison of three surrogate safety methods to diagnose cyclist safety problems at intersections in Norway

Relying on accident records as the main data source for studying cyclists’ safety has many drawbacks, such as high degree of under-reporting, the lack of accident details and particularly of information about the interaction processes that led to the accident. It is also an ethical problem as in order to make a statement about cyclists’ (un-...

A Real-Life Based Evaluation Method of Deployable Vulnerable Road User Protection Systems

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a real-life-based evaluation method, incorporating vulnerable road user (VRU) full-body loading to a vehicle with a deployable protection system in relevant test setups, and use this method to evaluate a prototype pedestrian and cyclist protection system. Methods: Based on accident data from severe...

Cyclist kinematics in car impacts reconstructed in simulations and full scale testing with Polar dummy

For the development of effective vehicle-related safety solutions to improve cyclist and pedestrian protection, essential information on impact locations, impact situations and cyclist and pedestrian kinematics in impacts with passenger cars is fundamental. Accidentology research showed that cyclists typically have a higher impact location, with...

Implementation of probabilistic risk estimation for VRU safety

This paper describes the design, implementation and results of a novel probabilistic collision warning system. To obtain reliable results for risk estimation, preprocessing sensor data is essential. The work described herein presents all the necessary preprocessing steps such as filtering, sensor fusion and target tracking. Risk estimation can...

Collision warning system based on probability density functions

In this paper, a collision warning method between the host vehicle and target object(s) is studied. A probabilistic collision warning method is proposed, which is, in particular, useful for objects, e.g. vulnerable road users, which trajectories can rapidly change heading and/or velocity with respect to time. A vehicle is equipped with the...