Searched for: subject%3A%22Underwater%255C%2BSound%22
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Müller, R.A.J. (author), von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Halvorsen, M.B. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)
Regulations for underwater anthropogenic noise are typically formulated in terms of peak sound pressure, root-mean-square sound pressure, and (weighted or unweighted) sound exposure. Sound effect studies on humans and other terrestrial mammals suggest that in addition to these metrics, the impulsiveness of sound (often quantified by its kurtosis...
article 2020
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Bosschaart, C. (author), Jansen, H.W. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Basten, T. (author)
A concept for underwater machinery noise mitigation of future civil and military ships is the application of a common deck structure, supporting multiple machines, which is installed on resilient mounts on the ship's foundation structure. TNO is addressing the availability and testing of tools to be able to set realistic targets for the radiated...
conference paper 2017
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author)
Because of the history of sonar and sonar engineering, the concept of “source level” is widely used to characterize anthropogenic sound sources, but is it useful for sources other than sonar transmitters? The concept and applicability of source level are reviewed for sonar, air guns, explosions, ships, and pile drivers. International efforts...
conference paper 2016
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Thomsen, F. (author), Borsani, F. (author), Clarke, D. (author), de Jong, C. (author), de Wit, P. (author), Goethals, F. (author), Holtkamp, M. (author), Martin, E.S. (author), Spadaro, P. (author), van Raalte, G. (author), Victor, G.Y.V. (author), Jensen, A. (author)
The World Organization of Dredging Associations (WODA) has identified underwater sound as an environmental issue that needs further consideration. A WODA Expert Group on Underwater Sound (WEGUS) prepared a guidance paper in 2013 on dredging sound, including a summary of potential impacts on aquatic biota and advice on underwater sound monitoring...
conference paper 2016
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de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Heinis, F. (author), Janmaat, J. (author)
The underwater sound produced during construction of the Port of Rotterdam harbor extension (Maasvlakte 2) was measured, with emphasis on the contribution of the trailing suction hopper dredgers during their various activities: dredging, transport, and discharge of sediment. Measured source levels of the dredgers, estimated source levels of...
bookPart 2016
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Binnerts, B. (author), van Beek, P. (author)
In the oil & gas industry there is a trend towards more subsea activities such as the processing of the Oil and Gas in so-called 'subsea factories'. Regulations aimed at managing the impact of underwater sound on marine life are being put in place by different nations. Many offshore operations require an assessment of the potential impact of...
conference paper 2016
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van der Schaar, M. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Robinson, S.P. (author), Prior, M.K. (author), André, M. (author)
The growing scientific and societal concerns about the effects of underwater sound on marine ecosystems have been recently recognised through the introduction of several international initiatives, like the International Quiet Ocean Experiment, aimed at measuring the environmental impact of ocean noise on large spatial and temporal scales. From a...
article 2014
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Colin, M.E.G.D. (author), Binnerts, B. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Booth, C. (author), Bouton, N. (author), Harris, C.M. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Sertlek, H.O. (author), Slabbekoorn, H.W. (author)
There is an increasing concern that anthropogenic underwater noise may have a negative impact on marine life. Governmental authorities are introducing regulations to address this problem. The European Commission, for instance, has adopted the Marine Strategy Framework Directive requiring EU Member States to achieve or maintain Good Environmental...
conference paper 2014
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Kastelein, R.A. (author), Hoek, L. (author), Gransier, R. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author)
Pile driving is presently the most common method used to attach wind turbines to the sea bed. To assess the impact of pile driving sounds on harbor porpoises, it is important to know at what distance these sounds can be detected. Using a psychophysical technique, a male porpoise’s hearing thresholds were obtained for series of five pile driving...
article 2013
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Thomsen, F. (author), Borsani, F. (author), Clarke, D. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), de Witt, P. (author), Holtkamp, M. (author), Goethals, F. (author), San Martin, E. (author), Spadaro, P. (author), van Raalte, G. (author), Jensen, A. (author)
The World Organisation of Dredging Associations (WODA) has identified underwater sound as an environmental issue that needs further consideration. A WODA Expert Group on Underwater Sound (WEGUS) was established to provide a guidance paper on dredging sound, impact on aquatic biota and advice on underwater sound monitoring procedures. The paper...
conference paper 2013
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Zampolli, M. (author), Nijhof, M.J.J. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Jansen, E.H.W. (author), Quesson, B.A.J. (author)
The acoustic radiation from a pile being driven into the sediment by a sequence of hammer strikes is studied with a linear, axisymmetric, structural acoustic frequency domain finite element model. Each hammer strike results in an impulsive sound that is emitted from the pile and then propagated in the shallow water waveguide. Measurements from...
article 2013
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), van der Zwan, T. (author), van Riet, M.W.G. (author), Benders, F.P.A. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), te Raa, L.A. (author)
SAKAMATA is a risk assessment and mitigation tool developed by TNO and used by the Royal Netherlands Navy. It supports the user in planning and carrying out active sonar operations in an environmentally responsible way. Recently, a new version has been developed, which makes it possible to quantify the number of marine mammals affected, taking...
conference paper 2012
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), Zampolli, M. (author), Ellis, D.D. (author)
The need for benchmarks of propagation loss, expressed eloquently by Felsen [1], was addressed in a series of propagation workshops in the 1980s. The main results of these workshops were a set of well defined propagation scenarios [2, 3] and a corresponding set of benchmark solutions [4, 5], which led in time to reliable models becoming...
conference paper 2012
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author)
To reduce the risk of impact on marine life of underwater sound generated by anthropogenic activities (such as offshore construction, seismic surveys and sonar searches), various mitigation measures are often put in place. Two commonly adopted mitigation measures are the soft start (or "ramp-up" – the two terms are used interchangeably) and ...
conference paper 2012
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Fillinger, L. (author), Hunter, A.J. (author), Zampolli, M. (author), Clarijs, M.C. (author)
Divers constitute a potential threat to waterside infrastructures. Active diver detection sonars are available commercially but present some shortcomings, particularly in highly reverberant environments. This has led to research on passive sonar for diver detection. Passive detection of open-circuit UBA (underwater breathing apparatus) has been...
article 2012
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Bolle, L.J. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Bierman, S.M. (author), van Beek, P.J.G. (author), van Keeken, O.A. (author), Wessels, P.W. (author), van Damme, C.J.G. (author), Winter, H.V. (author), de Haan, D. (author), Dekeling, R.P.A. (author)
In view of the rapid extension of offshore wind farms, there is an urgent need to improve our knowledge on possible adverse effects of underwater sound generated by pile-driving. Mortality and injuries have been observed in fish exposed to loud impulse sounds, but knowledge on the sound levels at which (sub-)lethal effects occur is limited for...
article 2012
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van Vossen, R. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)
Reliable predictions of sea-surface backscattering strength are required for sonar performance modeling. These are, however, difficult to obtain as measurements of sea-surface backscattering are not available at small grazing angles relevant to low-frequency active sonar (1-3 kHz). Accurate theoretical predictions of scattering strength require...
article 2011
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), Leighton, T.G. (author)
In [M. A. Ainslie & T. G. Leighton, Underwater Acoustic Measurements (Heraklion, Crete, 2007), pp 571-576], the authors described a discrepancy between the radiation damping coefficients in the models due to Weston and to Medwin describing the scattering cross-section of a single spherical bubble. The resolution of that discrepancy [M. A....
conference paper 2011
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), Dekeling, R.P.A. (author)
Cumulative acoustic exposure is used as an indicator for the risk of negative impact to animals as a consequence of exposure to underwater sound. The free-field energy of a single source, defined as the total acoustic energy that would exist in the source’s free field, is shown to be closely related to the total cumulative exposure added over a...
conference paper 2011
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)
Sonar performance modelling (SPM) is concerned with the prediction of quantitative measures of sonar performance, such as probability of detection. It is a multidisciplinary subject, requiring knowledge and expertise in the disparate fields of underwater acoustics, acoustical oceanography, sonar signal processing and statistical detection theory...
book 2010
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