Vluchtwegen en vluchtwegaanduidingen Westerscheldetunnel [Escape ways and escape-way marking in the Westerschelde tunnel]

Purpose: The tunnel under the Westerschelde is 6.6 km long. Evacuation is possible for emergencies. Evacuees from the "disaster tube" go to the "other tube" through transverse tunnels equipped with doors to contain smoke. But how do drivers know to leave their car, and where to go? ---- Methods: Evacuation steps are: (a) alerting drivers, (b)...

Kleurcontrast in tunnels: nadere berekeningen [Colour contrast in tunnels: additional calculations]

Purpose: The visibility of small objects in a tunnel is a criterion for the design of tunnel lighting. In a former study for the Tunnelling Department of the Civil Engineering Division of the Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management it was shown that the visibility could be improved when coloured tunnel lighting or coloured...

Reduction of the performance of a noise screen due to screen-induced wind-speed gradients: Numerical computations and wind-tunnel experiments

Downwind sound propagation over a noise screen is investigated by numerical computations and scale model experiments in a wind tunnel. For the computations, the parabolic equation method is used, with a range-dependent sound-speed profile based on wind-speed profiles measured in the wind tunnel and wind-speed profiles computed with computational...

Prevention of spontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles: Experimental results in coal storage yard

The spontaneous ignition of coal stockpiles is a serious economic and safety problem. This paper deals with oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coal piles laid in coal storage yard and the measures to avoid the heat losses produced. Investigations on self heating were carried out with five test piles (2000-3000 tons) built at the ENDESA...

Analysis of tunnel lining behaviour in soft soil during the construction stage, Second Heinenoord Tunnel

The paper addresses observations of the structural behaviour of the Tweede Heine-noordtunnel, a shield-driven tunnel in typical Dutch soft soils. Two rings were equipped with structural monitoring instrumentation. The measurements have shown that the assembly of the rings causes very significant initial forces and moments in the segments....

Design study of a ramjet propelled projectile with a frangible penetrator

Velocity-pressure correlation in stagnation and separation regions on surface-mounted prisms

Experiments are presented for a 1:50 scale model of the Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory (WERFL) experimental building located on the Texas Tech University campus in Lubbock, Texas. The model was immersed in three different boundary layers generated in the Clemson University wind tunnel. These flows closely simulated the lowest 50 m of...

Traffic safety in the Westerschelde tunnel in case of emergency

The future Westerschelde tunnel will consist of two separated tunnel tubes of 6.6 km in length, one for each direction. The cross-section of each tube is just wide enough to contain two lanes of 3.5 metres wide. Due to financial constraints a separate tube for pedestrians will not be built and the cross-section of the tube does not allow any...

Design of concrete structures for durability ; Example: Chloride penetration in the lining of a bored tunnel

To design concrete structures for durability, all relevant performances that the structure has to fulfill and that can be influenced by degradations have to be defined. The probability that a given performance must be delivered within a design service life should also be considered. One of the consequences of the required reliability in the...

Validation of wind loading codes by experiments

Between 1994 and 1997, full scale measurements of the wind and wind induced pressures were carried out on the main building of Eindhoven University of Technology. Simultaneously, a comparative wind tunnel experiment was performed in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. In this paper, the transition from wind velocity into wind loading is...

Conceptual modelling of structure and shape of complex civil engineering projects

Visualization of the Ekeberg tunnel for assessing human factors aspects in the design phase

Behavioral evaluation of tunnel design characteristics

A driving simulator study was performed to assess the behavioral consequences of the design of a to-be-built tunnel. In this tunnel drivers will have the possibility to use either the main two-lane tunnel tube or a relatively narrow single-lane tube. The study investigated to what extent drivers are willing to drive in the single-lane tunnel...

Automobilisten wijken uit voor een nabijgelegen tunnelwand