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Weerheijm, J. (author), van der Voort, M.M. (author), Verreault, J. (author), van den Berg, A.C. (author)Tunnel accidents with transports of combustible liquefied gases may lead to explosions. Depending on the substance involved this can be a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE), a Gas Expansion Explosion (GEE) or a gas explosion. Quantification of the risk of these scenarios is important to take informed decisions on tunnel design and...conference paper 2015
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Weerheijm, J. (author), van den Berg, A.C. (author)Tunnel accidents with transports of dangerous goods may lead to explosions. Risk assessment for these accidents is complicated because of the low probability and the unknown, but disastrous effects expected. Especially the lack of knowledge on the strength of the explosion and the consequences for the tunnel user, the tunnel lining and the...conference paper 2014
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Method to calculate additional ramps explicity (CARE) in quantitative risk analysis for road tunnelsNelisse, R.M.L. (author), Vrouwenvelder, A.C.W.M. (author)Article 13 of the EU Directive on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network states that a risk analysis, where necessary, shall be carried out. In the Netherlands, the risk of decease for road users in a tunnel (internal risk) is calculated with a model for quantitative risk analysis, which is called “QRA-tunnels...conference paper 2014
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Ellens, W. (author), Zuraniewski, P.W. (author), Sperotto, A. (author), Schotanus, H.A. (author), Mandjes, M. (author), Meeuwissen, H.B. (author)DNS tunnels allow circumventing access and security policies in firewalled networks. Such a security breach can be misused for activities like free web browsing, but also for command & control traffic or cyber espionage, thus motivating the search for effective automated DNS tunnel detection techniques. In this paper we develop such a technique,...bookPart 2013
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Geurts, C.P.W. (author), Kopp, G.A. (author), Morrison, M.J. (author)The provisions for wind loads on flat roofs differ considerably between current wind loading standards in different jurisdictions. For a number of major wind loading codes, both the definition of roof zones, and the values applied to determine the wind loads are discussed. This paper concentrates on the wind loading zones near edges and corners,...conference paper 2013
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Geurts, C.P.W. (author), Blackmore, P. (author)Stand-off photovoltaic systems are a popular measure for retrofitting of existing pitched roofs.Panels are generally mounted parallel to the existing roof coverings,usually roofing tiles.Full scale and wind tunnel experiments have been performed to determine the net uplift loads on these systems, which can be applied to calculate the loadbearing...article 2013
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Hulsbosch-Dam, C. (author), Mack, A. (author), van Ratingen, S. (author), Rosmuller, N. (author), Trijssenaar, I. (author)For risk analysis studies, relatively simple dispersion models are generally applied, such as Gaussian dispersion and dense gas dispersion models. For rail transport risk analyses in the Netherlands, fixed consequence distances are applied for various standard scenarios of hazardous materials releases. The advantage is that the results are...conference paper 2013
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Asadi, K. (author), Katsouras, I. (author), Harkema, J. (author), Gholamrezaie, F. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), Biscarini, F. (author), Blom b, P.W.M. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author)The contact resistance of a transistor using self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified source and drain electrodes depends on the SAM tunnel resistance, the height of the injection barrier and the morphology at the contact. To disentangle the different contributions, we have combined here the transmission line measurements in transistors with...article 2012
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Nelisse, R.M.L. (author), Vrouwenvelder, A.C.W.M. (author)In many cases decisions have to be made with respect to the safety level that has to be maintained in tunnels. In this paper the central question is how one can decide between (a) a tunnel with limited allowance for dangerous goods and a deviation route for the prohibited goods or (b) a tunnel allowed for all dangerous goods and possibly...bookPart 2012
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Matters-Kammerer, M.K. (author), Jinesh, K.B. (author), Rijks, T.G.S.M. (author), Roozeboom, F. (author), Klootwijk, J.H. (author)A detailed electrical analysis of multiple layer trench capacitors fabricated in silicon with atomic-layer-deposited Al 2O 3 and TiN is presented. It is shown that in situ ozone annealing of the Al 2O 3 layers prior to the TiN electrode deposition significantly improves the electric properties of the devices such as the dielectric constant,...article 2012
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Bosschaart, C. (author), Eisses, A.R. (author), van der Eerden, F.J.M. (author)Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has organized a competition to design a noise mitigating measure along the 'Polderbaan' runway. Its main goal is to reduce the low frequency (LF) ground noise from starting aircraft. The winning concept is a flexible parabolic shaped noise barrier positioned relatively close to the runway. There is a large distance...conference paper 2010
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Kronemeijer, A.J. (author), Huisman, E.H. (author), Katsouras, I. (author), van Hal, P.A. (author), Geuns, T.C.T. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), van der Molen, S.J. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)Electrical transport of a highly doped disordered conducting polymer, viz. poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene stabilized with poly-4-styrenesulphonic acid, is investigated as a function of bias and temperature. The transport shows universal power-law scaling with both bias and temperature. All measurements constitute a single universal curve, and...article 2010
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Snik, F. (author), Rietjens, J.H.H. (author), van Harten, G. (author), Stam, D.M. (author), Keller, C.U. (author), Smit, J.M. (author), Laan, E.C. (author), Verlaan, A.L. (author), ter Horst, R. (author), Navarro, R. (author), Wielinga, K. (author), Moon, S.G. (author), Voors, R. (author)SPEX (Spectropolarimeter for Planetary EXploration) is an innovative, compact instrument for spectropolarimetry, and in particular for detecting and characterizing aerosols in planetary atmospheres. With its ∼1-liter volume it is capable of full linear spectropolarimetry, without moving parts. The degree and angle of linear polarization of the...conference paper 2010
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Debucquoy, M. (author), Rockelé, M. (author), Genoe, J. (author), Gelinck, G.H. (author), Heremans, P. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)In this work, we study charge trapping in organic transistor memories with a polymeric insulator as gate dielectric. We found that the mechanism of charge trapping is tunneling from the semiconductor channel into the gate dielectric. Depending on the semiconductor and its processing, charge trapping can result in large bi-directional threshold...article 2009
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Galanti, F.M.B. (author), Koopman, A. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Vibration insulation of buildings is often achieved by introducing springs in the foundation. It can be a very effective measure, especially against vibration induced noise, but also a very costly one. There is a need for less costly measures which, although less effective, may achieve the required vibration reduction. For a specific case such...conference paper 2009
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Moerel, J.-L. (author), Veraar, R.G. (author), Halswijk, W.H.C. (author), Pimentel, R. (author), Corriveau, D. (author), Hamel, N. (author), Lesage, F. (author), Vos, J.B. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Two research institutes TNO Defence, Security and Safety and DRDC-Valcartier have worked together on the improvement of modeling and simulation tools for the functioning of supersonic air intakes for realistic ramjet engines of tactical missiles. The emphasis laid on complex rectangular intake designs making use of an internal bleed system and...conference paper 2009
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Jonker, J.H. (author), Kodde, M.J. (author), Bakker, K.J. (author), TNO Bouw en ondergrond (author)The Netherlands is a small country with limited space for further urban development. Further the number of inhabitants is still growing which means a further need for houses, roads and additional workspace. The combination of the above means a densification in the build up areas. Conventional solutions may take too much space; new alternatives...article 2008
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Nardes, A.M. (author), Kemerink, M. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), Bastiaansen, J.J.A.M. (author), Kiggen, N.M.M. (author), Langeveld, B.M.W. (author), van Breemen, A.J.J.M. (author), de Kok, M.M. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)The anisotropic conductivity of spin-coated poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films by temperature-dependent conductivity measurements, has been analyzed. A detailed 3D morphological model was derived from topographic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cross-sectional atomic force microscopy (AFM)...article 2007
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Hollink, V. (author), van Someren, M. (author), ten Hagen, S. (author), Hilgersom, M.J.C. (author), Rovekamp, T.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Recommender systems suggest objects to users navigating a web site. They observe the pages that a user visits and predict which other pages may be of interest. On the basis of these predictions recommenders select a number of pages that are suggested to the user. By far the most popular recommendation strategy is to select the pages of which the...conference paper 2007
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Buiël, E.F.T. (author), Lubbers, J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The tunnel operator monitors and regulates the flow of traffic inside a tunnel, and takes actions in case an incident occurs. TNO has developed a training simulator that enables the operator to train incident situations. We are currently improving the simulator by developing intelligent agents that support a qualified operator, who trains...conference paper 2007