- document
-
Buist, H.E. (author), von Bölcsházy, G.Frhr. (author), Dammann, M. (author), Telman, J. (author), Rennen, M.A.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Assuming that temporal fluctuations in physiological parameters (e.g. haematology, biochemistry) in individual healthy non-exposed animals are non-adverse, the minimal magnitude of the Critical Effect Size (CES) for a number of continuous parameters of toxicity studies was derived. A total of 36 studies (19 pharmaceutical preclinical studies in...article 2009
- document
-
de Jong, W.H. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), de Klerk, A. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There are currently no validated animal models that can identify low molecular weight (LMW) respiratory sensitizers. The Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is a validated animal model developed to detect contact sensitizers using skin exposure, but all LMW respiratory sensitizers tested so far were also positive in this assay. Discrimination between...article 2009
- document
-
Joosen, M.J.A. (author), Jousma, E. (author), van den Boom, T.M. (author), Kuijpers, W.C. (author), Smit, A.B. (author), Lucassen, P.J. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)To date, treatment of organophosphate (OP) poisoning shows several shortcomings, and OP-victims might suffer from lasting cognitive deficits and sleep–wake disturbances. In the present study, long-term effects of soman poisoning on learning ability, memory and neurogenesis were investigated in rats, treated with the anticholinergic atropine and...article 2009
- document
-
Hissink, A.M. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Kruse, J. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), Verwei, M. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Mckee, R.H. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Sweeney, L.M. (author), Salmon, F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This report describes a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for cyclohexane and its use in comparing internal doses in rats and volunteers following inhalation exposures. Parameters describing saturable metabolism of cyclohexane are measured in rats and used along with experimentally determined partition coefficients. The model is...article 2009
- document
-
Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), Emmen, H.H. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Hoogendijk, E.M.G. (author), McKee, R.H. (author), Owen, D.E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The neurobehavioral effects of inhaled cyclohexane in rats and humans are investigated to define relationships between internal doses and acute central nervous system effects. Rats are exposed for 3 consecutive days at target concentrations of 0, 1.4, 8, and 28 g/m3, 8 h/d. Measurements include standardized observational measures, spontaneous...article 2009
- document
-
Kienhuis, A.S. (author), van de Poll, M.C.G. (author), Wortelboer, H. (author), van Herwijnen, M. (author), Gottschalk, R. (author), de Jong, C.H.C. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Paules, R.S. (author), Kleinjans, J.C.S. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The frequent use of rodent hepatic in vitro systems in pharmacological and toxicological investigations challenges extrapolation of in vitro results to the situation in vivo and interspecies extrapolation from rodents to humans. The toxicogenomics approach may aid in evaluating relevance of these model systems for human risk assessment by direct...article 2009
- document
-
Schutte, K. (author), Prinsen, M.K. (author), McNamee, P.M. (author), Roggeband, R. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Eye irritation is an important endpoint in the safety evaluation of consumer products and their ingredients. Several in vitro methods have been developed and are used by different industry sectors to assess eye irritation. One such in vitro method in use for some time already is the isolated chicken eye test (ICE). This investigation focuses on...article 2009
- document
-
Casterton, P.L. (author), Curry, L.L. (author), Lina, B.A.R. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Kruger, C.L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The safety of a refined arachidonic acid-rich oil (RAO) was evaluated for reverse mutation, chromosome aberration and gene mutation, and in a 90-day Wistar rat feeding study with in utero exposure. The results of the genotoxicity assays were all negative. The in utero phase of the 90-day study involved dietary exposure to 0.5%, 1.5% and 5% RAO...article 2009
- document
-
Ponstein-Simarro Doorten, A.Y. (author), van de Wiel, J.A.G. (author), Jonker, D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Tensguard™ is a milk protein hydrolysate containing the lactotripeptide IPP. It is derived from cow's milk, which is present in the human diet and has a safe history of consumption. The final Tensguard™ product, a supplement or a functional food ingredient, is intended for use by people who want to follow a healthy diet and lifestyle in order to...article 2009
- document
- Rusch, G.M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Armour, G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2009
- document
-
Wang, J. (author), Reijmers, T. (author), Chen, L. (author), van der Heijden, R. (author), Wang, M. (author), Peng, S. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), Xu, G. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A metabolomics-based systems toxicology approach was used to profile the urinary metabolites for the toxicity related processes and pathogenesis induced by doxorubicin (DOX) to rats. Endogenous metabolite profiles were obtained with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) for rats receiving different single dosages of...article 2009
- document
-
Langenberg, J.P. (author), Alblas, M.J. (author), Makkus, J.C. (author), van der Meer, J.A. (author), Mars-Groenendijk, R.H. (author), Groeneveld, F.R. (author), Norbert, M. (author), van Lingen, J.N.J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Data on the acute and/or long-term toxicity of colored smokes appear to be scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, the objective of this study is to obtain more insight on this matter. For this purpose, existing platforms for in vitro toxicity screening are evaluated with respect to their applicability to determining the toxicity of colored smokes....conference paper 2009
- document
-
Schwägele, F.C. (author), Andrée, S. (author), Beraquet, N. (author), Castrillon, M. (author), Winkel, C. (author), Garforth, D. (author), Cnossen, H.J. (author), Lucas Luijckx, N.B. (author), Ayalew, G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The specific targeted European research project ΣChain (2006) addresses existing as well as potential vulnerabilities within food chains. One of the food chains within the focus of ΣChain is dealing with poultry meat. Fundamental for the assessment of potential vulnerabilities in the chain is basic knowledge of production processes. To this end...conference paper 2009
- document
-
Hockley, S.L. (author), Mathijs, K. (author), Staal, Y.C.M. (author), Brewer, D. (author), Giddings, I. (author), van Delft, J.H.M. (author), Phillips, D.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Microarray technology is being used increasingly to study gene expression of biological systems on a large scale. Both interlaboratory and interplatform differences are known to contribute to variability in microarray data. In this study we have investigated data from different platforms and laboratories on the transcriptomic profile of HepG2...article 2009
- document
-
de Jong, E. (author), Louisse, J. (author), Verwei, M. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The embryonic stem cell test (EST) has been proposed as an in vitro assay that might reduce animal experimentation in regulatory developmental toxicology. So far, evaluation of the EST was not performed using compounds within distinct chemical classes. Evaluation within a distinct class of chemically related compounds can define the usefulness...article 2009
- document
-
Wang, J. (author), van der Heijden, R. (author), Spruit, S. (author), Hankermeier, T. (author), Chan, K. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), Xu, G. (author), Wang, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Chinese herbal medicines, often referred as Chinese materia medica (CMM), are comprised of a complex multicomponent nature. The activities are aimed at the system level via interactions with a multitude of targets in the human body. This review aims at the toxicity aspects of CMM and its preparations at the different steps of production;...article 2009
- document
-
van der Laan, J.W. (author), Forster, R. (author), Ledwith, B. (author), Gruber, M. (author), Gould, S. (author), Segal, L. (author), Penninks, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Vaccine research and development is a heterogeneous and intensely active area, encompassing the development of many different kinds of novel preventive and therapeutic vaccines (eg, against infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, cancer, etc). Included in this is the development of different types of vaccines (eg, DNA vaccines, novel...article 2009
- document
-
Smith, R.L. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Gavin, C.L. (author), Mcgowen, M.M. (author), Taylor, S.V. (author), Williams, M.C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) presented safety and usage data on 236 GRAS flavor ingredients in its 24th publication. The publication revealed that these 236 flavor ingredients were of Japanese origin that were granted GRAS status. It revealed that the GRAS list of chemically defined flavor...article 2009
- document
-
Molecular characterization of trimellitic anhydride-induced respiratory allergy in Brown Norway ratsKuper, C.F. (author), Heijne, W.H. (author), Dansen, M. (author), Verhoeckx, K.C. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Radonjic, M. (author), Bruijntjes, J. (author), Stierum, R. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Arts, J.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)To contribute to the hazard identification of low molecular weight (LMW) respiratory allergens, respiratory allergy induced by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was characterized by whole genome analysis of lung tissue and blood proteomics in Brown Norway rats. Dermal sensitization (50% and 25% w/v) with TMA and an inhalation challenge of 15 mg/m(3)...article 2008
- document
-
Arts, J.H.E. (author), Schijf, M.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on day 0 and on day 7,...article 2008