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Respiratory sensitization: Advances in assessing the risk of respiratory inflammation and irritationVandebriel, R. (author), Callant Cransveld, C. (author), Crommelin, D. (author), Diamant, Z. (author), Glazenburg, B. (author), Joos, G. (author), Kuper, F. (author), Natsch, A. (author), Nijkamp, F. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Roberts, D. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Rorije, E. (author), Seed, M. (author), Sewald, K. (author), van den Heuvel, R. (author), van Engelen, J. (author), Verstraelen, S. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Respiratory sensitization provides a case study for a new approach to chemical safety evaluation, as the prevalence of respiratory sensitization has increased considerably over the last decades, but animal and/or human experimental/predictive models are not currently available. Therefore, the goal of a working group was to design a road map to...article 2011
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Zuurmond, A.M. (author), Koudijs, A. (author), van El, B. (author), Doornbos, R.P. (author), van Manen-Vernooij, B.C.T. (author), Bastiaans, J.H.M.W. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), van Bilsen, J.H.M. (author), Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), de Groot, J. (author)Pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile of a drug are likely influenced by the disease state of a patient. In this study, we investigated the influence of arthritic processes on pharmacokinetics and immunotoxicity of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) in the rat adjuvant arthritis model. Anakinra dose-dependently suppressed joint...article 2011
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van Triel, J.J. (author), van Bree, B.W.J. (author), Roberts, D.W. (author), Muijser, H. (author), Duistermaat, E. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Previously, a selection of low molecular weight contact and respiratory allergens had tested positive in both a skin and a respiratory local lymph node assay (LLNA), but formaldehyde was negative for sensitization by inhalation. To investigate whether this was due to intrinsic properties of aldehyde sensitizers, the structurally related allergen...article 2011
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Kuper, C.F. (author), Radonjic, M. (author), van Triel, J. (author), Stierum, R. (author), de Groot, R.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author)Oxazolone (OXA) is a potent contact allergen in man, and it is used as a model Th1-allergen to test (Q)SAR's and screening assays for allergenic potential of chemicals. However, it elevates serum IgE levels and Thelper2 cytokines at relatively low doses in test animals, suggesting that it has also respiratory allergenic potential. The lack of...article 2011
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Koster, S. (author), Boobis, A.R. (author), Cubberley, R. (author), Hollnagel, H.M. (author), Richling, E. (author), Wildemann, T. (author), Würtzen, G. (author), Galli, C.L. (author)Unknown substances, not previously observed, are frequently detected in foods by quality control laboratories. In many cases, the assessment of these 'new' substances requires additional chemical analysis for their identification prior to assessing risk. This identification procedure can be time-consuming, expensive and in some instances...article 2011
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van Kempen, E. (author), van Kamp, I. (author), Nilsson, M. (author), Lammers, J. (author), Emmen, H. (author), Clark, C. (author), Stansfeld, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)On the basis of this study it cannot be ruled out that the appraisal of the noise affects the association between air and road traffic noise exposure and children's health and cognition. However, the conclusion is limited due to the relatively small group of annoyed children, which may have influenced our group comparisons. Furthermore, the...article 2010
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Hogervorst, J.G.F. (author), Baars, B.-J. (author), Schouten, L.J. (author), Konings, E.J.M. (author), Goldbohm, R.A. (author), van den Brandt, P.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Since 2002, it is known that the probable human carcinogen acrylamide is present in commonly consumed carbohydrate-rich foods, such as French fries and potato chips. In this review, the authors discuss the body of evidence on acrylamide carcinogenicity from both epidemiological and rodent studies, including variability, strengths and weaknesses,...article 2010
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Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens - Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Slob, W. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Current developmental and reproductive toxicity protocols include only a limited set of parameters for effects on the developing immune system. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters were included in a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study. Dose-response data were compared to determine the relative sensitivity of...article 2010
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Lamb, J. (author), Hentz, K. (author), Schmitt, D. (author), Tran, N. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Junker, K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The toxicity of sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) was examined in Wistar rats fed diets containing 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5% SSL for one year, equivalent to mean daily intakes of 558, 1115, and 2214. mg/kg/day in males and 670, 1339, and 2641. mg/kg/day in females, respectively. SSL was well tolerated at these dietary levels as evidenced by the absence...article 2010
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Jonker, D. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Maquet, V. (author), Nollevaux, G. (author), Gautier, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Chitin-glucan is an insoluble biopolymer, composed of chitin and beta-(1,3)-d-glucan, that is a component of the fungal cell wall. This study was conducted to assess the safety of chitin-glucan from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger (Artinia™ brand) for use as dietary supplement and food ingredient. Chitin-glucan was fed to Wistar rats (20/sex...article 2010
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Arts, J.H.E. (author), Jacobs, E.J. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, it was studied whether airway irritation by sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) would enhance respiratory allergic reactions to trimellitic anhydride (TMA), using a rat model. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically...article 2010
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Escher, S.E. (author), Tluczkiewicz, I. (author), Batke, M. (author), Bitsch, A. (author), Melber, C. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Buist, H.E. (author), Mangelsdorf, I. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The thresholds of toxicological concern (TTCs) define limit values for substances of unknown toxicity below which dietary intake is considered to be of no concern to human health. The TTC concept has already been used for risk assessment of e.g. food contaminants or flavoring substances and is in discussion to be applied to other classes of...article 2010
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- Koval, I.A. (author), Gamez, P. (author), Reedijk, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), KvL (author) bookPart 2010
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Jonker, D. (author), Hasselwander, O. (author), Tervilä-Wilo, A. (author), Tenning, P.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Beta-glucans are glucose polymers present in cereal grains, particularly barley and oat. Consumption of these grains or concentrated beta-glucan preparations has been shown to lower blood cholesterol. The present study was conducted to assess the safety of a high purity (>75%) barley beta-glucan (Glucagel™). The product was fed to Wistar rats (5...article 2010
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Peeters, K.A.B.M. (author), Koppelman, S.J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Lebens, A. (author), Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C.A.F.M. (author), Hefle, S.L. (author), Taylor, S.L. (author), van Hoffen, E. (author), Knulst, A.C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Background: The use of lupine in food has been increasing during the last decade and allergic reactions to lupine have been reported, especially in peanut-allergic patients. The frequency and the degree of cross-reactivity to other legumes are not known. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of sensitization to lupine, and in...article 2009
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van Dijk, A. (author), Molhoek, E.M. (author), Veldhuizen, E.J.A. (author), Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven, J.L.M. (author), Wagendorp, E. (author), Bikker, F.J. (author), Haagsman, H.P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Chicken host defense peptide cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) is known to exert antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and consists of two α-helices connected by a hinge region. Here we report the biological properties of the separate α-helical segments and the importance of the proline residue in the hinge region. Substitution of proline-14 in...article 2009
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- van Hemmen, J.J. (author), Marquart, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2009
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Mol, M.A.E. (author), van den Berg, R.M. (author), Benschop, H.P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)While skin is a major target for sulphur mustard (HD), a therapy to limit HD-induced vesication is currently not available. Since it is supposed that apoptotic cell death and proteolytic digestion of extracellular matrix proteins by metalloproteases are initiating factors for blister formation, we have explored whether inhibition of these...article 2009
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Tulley, R.T. (author), Appel, M.J. (author), Enos, T.G. (author), Hegsted, M. (author), Mccutcheon, K.L. (author), Zhou, J. (author), Raggio, A.M. (author), Jeffcoat, R. (author), Birkett, A. (author), Martin, R.J. (author), Keenan, M.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Energy values of high amylose corn starches high in resistant starch (RS) were determined in vivo by two different methodologies. In one study, energy values were determined according to growth relative to glucose-based diets in rats fed diets containing RS2, heat-treated RS2 (RS2-HT), RS3, and amylase predigested versions to isolate the RS...article 2009
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- Adams, T.B. (author), Lucas Gavin, C. (author), Taylor, S.V. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Smith, R.L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2009