- document
-
Sewell, F. (author), Strupp, C. (author), van der Laan, J.W. (author), Wolf, D.C. (author), Wolterink, G. (author), Woutersen, R. (author), Zvonar, Z. (author), Heusinkveld, H. (author), Braakhuis, H. (author)Currently the only methods for non-genotoxic carcinogenic hazard assessment accepted by most regulatory authorities are lifetime carcinogenicity studies. However, these involve the use of large numbers of animals and the relevance of their predictive power and results has been scientifically challenged. With increased availability of innovative...article 2020
- document
-
Desprez, B. (author), Birk, B. (author), Blaauboer, B. (author), Boobis, A. (author), Carmichael, P. (author), Cronin, M.T.D. (author), Curie, R. (author), Daston, G. (author), Hubesch, B. (author), Jennings, P. (author), Klaric, M. (author), Kroese, D. (author), Mahony, C. (author), Ouédraogo, G. (author), Piersma, A. (author), Richarz, A.N. (author), Schwarz, M. (author), van Benthem, J. (author), van de Water, B. (author), Vinken, M. (author)Repeated dose toxicity evaluation aims at assessing the occurrence of adverse effects following chronic or repeated exposure to chemicals. Non-animal approaches have gained importance in the last decades because of ethical considerations as well as due to scientific reasons calling for more human-based strategies. A critical aspect of this...article 2019
- document
-
Williams, F.M. (author), Rothe, H. (author), Barrett, G. (author), Chiodini, A. (author), Whyte, J. (author), Cronin, M.T.D. (author), Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. (author), Plautz, J. (author), Roper, C. (author), Westerhout, J. (author), Yang, C. (author), Guy, R.H. (author)Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) aids assessment of human health risks from exposure to low levels of chemicals when toxicity data are limited. The objective here was to explore the potential refinement of exposure for applying the oral TTC to chemicals found in cosmetic products, for which there are limited dermal absorption data. A...article 2016
- document
-
van der Burg, B. (author), Pieterse, B. (author), Rorije, E. (author), Lewin, G. (author), van der Linden, S.C. (author), Man, H.Y. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), Mangelsdorf, I. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), van Vugt-Lussenburg, B.M.A. (author)There is a great need for alternative testing methods for reproductive toxicants that are practical, fast, cost-effective and easy to interpret. Previously we followed a pragmatic approach using readily available tests, which was successful in predicting reproductive toxicity of chemicals [13]. This initial battery still contained apical tests...article 2015
- document
-
Koster, S. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Verheij, E.R. (author), Dutman, A.E. (author), van Stee, L.L.P. (author), Munch Nielsen, L. (author), Ronsmans, S. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Krul, L. (author)A main challenge in food safety research is to demonstrate that processing of foodstuffs does not lead to the formation of substances for which the safety upon consumption might be questioned. This is especially so since food is a complex matrix in which the analytical detection of substances, and consequent risk assessment thereof, is difficult...article 2015
- document
-
Dusinska, M. (author), Boland, S. (author), Saunders, M. (author), Juillerat-Jeanneret, L. (author), Tran, L. (author), Pojana, G. (author), Marcomini, A. (author), Volkovova, K. (author), Tulinska, J. (author), Knudsen, L.E. (author), Gombau, L. (author), Whelan, M. (author), Collins, A.R. (author), Marano, F. (author), Housiadas, C. (author), Bilanicova, D. (author), Halamoda Kenzaoui, B. (author), Correia Carreira, S. (author), Magdolenova, Z. (author), Fjellsbo, L.M. (author), Huk, A. (author), Handy, R. (author), Walker, L. (author), Barancokova, M. (author), Bartonova, A. (author), Burello, E. (author), Castell, J. (author), Cowie, H. (author), Drlickova, M. (author), Guadagnini, R. (author), Harris, G. (author), Harju, M. (author), Heimstad, E.S. (author), Hurbankova, M. (author), Kazimirova, A. (author), Kovacikova, Z. (author), Kuricova, M. (author), Liskova, A. (author), Milcamps, A. (author), Neubauerova, E. (author), Palosaari, T. (author), Papazafiri, P. (author), Pilou, M. (author), Poulsen, M.S. (author), Ross, B. (author), Runden-Pran, E. (author), Sebekova, K. (author), Staruchova, M. (author), Vallotto, D. (author), Worth, A. (author)In spite of recent advances in describing the health outcomes of exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), it still remains unclear how exactly NPs interact with their cellular targets. Size, surface, mass, geometry, and composition may all play a beneficial role as well as causing toxicity. Concerns of scientists, politicians and the public about...article 2015
- document
-
Schiffelers, M.J.W.A. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Bakker, W.E. (author), Hendriksen, C.F.M. (author), Krul, C. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)The two-generation study (OECD TG 416) is the standard requirement within REACH to test reproductive toxicity effects of chemicals with production volumes >100. tonnes. This test is criticized in terms of scientific relevance and animal welfare. The Extended One Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (EOGRTS), incorporated into the OECD test...article 2015
- document
-
Mesens, N. (author), Crawfordb, A.D. (author), Menke, A. (author), Hung, P.D. (author), van Goethem, F. (author), Nuyts, R. (author), Hansen, E. (author), Wolterbeek, A. (author), van Gompel, J. (author), de Witte, P. (author), Esguerra, C.V. (author)Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is poorly predicted by single-cell-based assays, probably because of the lack of physiological interactions with other cells within the liver. An intact whole liver system such as one present in zebrafish larvae could provide added value in a screening strategy for DILI; however, the possible occurrence of other...article 2015
- document
-
Walser, T. (author), Meyer, D. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Buist, H. (author), Kuijpers, E. (author), Brouwer, D. (author)Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a well-established method to evaluate impacts of chemicals on the environment and human health along the lifespan of products. However, the increasingly produced and applied nanomaterials (defined as one dimensionarticle 2015
- document
-
Ashton, R. (author), de Wever, B. (author), Fuchs, H.W. (author), Gaca, M. (author), Hill, E. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Poth, A. (author), Roggen, E.L. (author)Despite changing attitudes towards animal testing and current legislation to protect experimental animals, the rate of animal experiments seems to have changed little in recent years. On May 15–16, 2013, the In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform (IVTIP) held an open meeting to discuss the state of the art in alternative methods, how companies...article 2014
- document
-
Beker van Woudenberg, A. (author), Snel, C. (author), Rijkmans, E. (author), de Groot, D. (author), Bouma, M. (author), Hermsen, S. (author), Piersma, A. (author), Menke, A. (author), Wolterbeek, A. (author)To improve the predictability of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) for developmental (neuro)toxicity screening, we used a multiple-endpoints strategy, including morphology, motor activity (MA), histopathology and kinetics. The model compounds used were antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): valproic acid (VPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), ethosuximide (ETH)...article 2014
- document
-
Meunier, L. (author), Garthoff, J.A. (author), Schaafsma, A. (author), Krul, L. (author), Schrijver, J. (author), van Goudoever, J.B. (author), Speijers, G. (author), Vandenplas, Y. (author)Locust bean gum (LBG) is a galactomannan polysaccharide used as thickener in infant formulas with the therapeutic aim to treat uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Since its use in young infants below 12. weeks of age is not explicitly covered by the current scientific concept of the derivation of health based guidance values, the...article 2014
- document
-
Zimmer, B. (author), Pallocca, G. (author), Dreser, N. (author), Foerster, S. (author), Waldmann, T. (author), Westerhout, J. (author), Julien, S. (author), Krause, K.H. (author), van Thriel, C. (author), Hengstler, J.G. (author), Sachinidis, A. (author), Bosgra, S. (author), Leist, M. (author)Developmental toxicity in vitro assays have hitherto been established as stand-alone systems, based on a limited number of toxicants. Within the embryonic stem cell-based novel alternative tests project, we developed a test battery framework that allows inclusion of any developmental toxicity assay and that explores the responses of such test...article 2014
- document
-
Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)The susceptibility of developing immune system to chemical disruption warrants the assessment of immune parameters in reproductive and developmental testing protocols. In this study, a wide range of immune endpoints was included in an extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study (EOGRTS) design to determine the relative sensitivity of...article 2013
- document
-
Strikwold, M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Spenkelink, B. (author), Punt, A. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author)The applicability of the embryonic stem cell test (EST) as an alternative for in vivo embryotoxicity testing was evaluated for a series of five p-substituted phenols. To this purpose, the potency ranking for this class of compounds derived from the inhibition of cardiomyocyte differentiation in the EST was compared to in vivo embryotoxic potency...article 2012
- document
-
Stein, N.E. (author), Hamelers, H.V.M. (author), van Straten, G. (author), Keesman, K.J. (author)Polarization curves are of paramount importance for the detection of toxic components in microbial fuel cell (MFC) based biosensors. In this study, polarization curves were made under non-toxic conditions and under toxic conditions after the addition of various concentrations of nickel, bentazon, sodiumdodecyl sulfate and potassium ferricyanide....article 2012
- document
-
Berg, N. (author), de Wever, B. (author), Fuchs, H.W. (author), Gaca, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Roggen, E.L. (author)In November 2009 the In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform (IVTIP) organized a meeting entitled '. Toxicology in the 21st century - working our way towards a visionary reality'. Participating delegates included scientists, key opinion leaders, developers and users of 3Rs-related tests and testing strategies. This paper summarizes the discussions...article 2011
- document
-
Respiratory sensitization: Advances in assessing the risk of respiratory inflammation and irritationVandebriel, R. (author), Callant Cransveld, C. (author), Crommelin, D. (author), Diamant, Z. (author), Glazenburg, B. (author), Joos, G. (author), Kuper, F. (author), Natsch, A. (author), Nijkamp, F. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Roberts, D. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Rorije, E. (author), Seed, M. (author), Sewald, K. (author), van den Heuvel, R. (author), van Engelen, J. (author), Verstraelen, S. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Respiratory sensitization provides a case study for a new approach to chemical safety evaluation, as the prevalence of respiratory sensitization has increased considerably over the last decades, but animal and/or human experimental/predictive models are not currently available. Therefore, the goal of a working group was to design a road map to...article 2011
- document
-
Vink, S.R. (author), Mikkers, J. (author), Bouwman, T. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)REACH requests the exploration of alternative strategies for hazard identification before resorting to (in vivo) testing. Here, we combined read-across as non-testing strategy with a tiered exposure assessment for the risk characterisation of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) as a representative for phase-in substances to be registered under REACH....article 2010
- document
-
van Dartel, D.A.M. (author), Pennings, J.L.A. (author), Hendriksen, P.J.M. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The Embryonic Stem cell Test (EST) is an in vitro alternative test designed for the prediction of embryotoxicity. The endpoint of the test is the interference with mesoderm-derived cardiac muscle differentiation observed under the microscope as beating muscle foci. The relative subjectivity of this endpoint, as well as the applicability domain...article 2009