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Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Munro, I.C. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Smith, R.L. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This publication is the eighth in a series of safety evaluations performed by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). In 1993, the panel initiated a comprehensive program to re-evaluate the safety of more than 1700 GRAS flavoring substances under conditions of intended use. Elements that are fundamental to...article 2005
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Stierum, R. (author), Heijne, W. (author), Kienhuis, A. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Groten, J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are genomics technologies with great potential in toxicological sciences. Toxicogenomics involves the integration of conventional toxicological examinations with gene, protein or metabolite expression profiles. An overview together with selected examples of the possibilities of genomics in toxicology...article 2005
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de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Hartgring, S. (author), van de Horst, L. (author), Moerkens, M. (author), Otto, M. (author), Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Kaufmann, W.S.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), O'Callaghan, J.P. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Pakkenberg, B. (author), Gundersen, H.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving...article 2005
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- Coecke, S. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Elaut, G. (author), Freeman, S. (author), Freidig, A. (author), Gensmantel, N. (author), Hoet, P. (author), Kapoulas, V.M. (author), Ladstetter, B. (author), Langley, G. (author), Leahy, D. (author), Mannens, G. (author), Meneguz, A. (author), Monshouwer, M. (author), Nemery, B. (author), Pelkonen, O. (author), Pfaller, W. (author), Prieto, P. (author), Proctor, N. (author), Rogiers, V. (author), Rostami-Hodjegan, A. (author), Sabbioni, E. (author), Steiling, W. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author) article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Heijne, W.H.M. (author), Kienhuis, A.S. (author), vnn Ommen, B. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Groten, J.P. (author)Toxicogenomics can facilitate the identification and characterization of toxicity, as illustrated in this review. Toxicogenomics, the application of the functional genomics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in toxicology enables the study of adverse effects of xenobiotic substances in relation to structure and activity...article 2005
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- Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Diembeck, W. (author), Eskes, C. (author), Heylings, J.R. (author), Langley, G. (author), Rogiers, V. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Zuang, V. (author) article 2005
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TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author), Wierckx, N.J.P. (author), Ballerstedt, H. (author), Bont, J.A.M.de (author), Wery, J. (author)Efficient bioconversion of glucose to phenol via the central metabolite tyrosine was achieved in the solvent-tolerant strain Pseudomonas putida S12. The tpl gene from Pantoea agglomerans, encoding tyrosine phenol lyase, was introduced into P. putida S12 to enable phenol production. Tyrosine availability was a bottleneck for efficient production....article 2005
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van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Chemicals / CAS: 4,4' methylenedianiline, 101-77-9; Hazardous Substances.article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The effects of diet-induced acid-base disturbances were examined in 4-week, 13-week and 18-month toxicity studies, and in a 30-month carcinogenicity study. Rats were fed a natural ingredient diet (controls), supplemented with 2% or 4% KHCO3 (base-forming diets), or with 1% or 2.1% NH4Cl (acid-forming diets). Additional controls were fed 3% KCl ...article 2004
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Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Roberts, A. (author), Korte, H. (author), Unkila, M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Plant lignan 7-hydromatairesinol, a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone was evaluated in a prenatal developmental toxicity study conducted in the Wistar rat. Mated female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.25, 1, and 4% (w/w) of 7-hydroxymatairesinol in the form of potassium acetate complex (HMRlignan; potassium acetate level...article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of six α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, more specifically a water-soluble dietary fiber, was examined in a 4-week range finding study and a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. In the 4-week study, the test substance was administered to...article 2004
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The oral toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) was examined in a 13-week feeding study in which groups of Beagle dogs received α-CD in the diet at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20% (4dogs/sex/group). No treatment-related changes were noted in behavior or appearance of the dogs and no mortalities occurred. Diarrhea occurred in all α-CD...article 2004
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Gijsbers, J.H.J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Introduction: Limited quantitative information is available on dermal exposure to chemicals during various industrial activities. Therefore, within the scope of the EU-funded RISKOFDERM project, potential dermal exposure was measured during three different tasks: filling, loading and brushing. DEGBE (2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol) was used as a ...article 2004
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- Gennari, A. (author), van den Berghe, C. (author), Casati, S. (author), Castell, J. (author), Clemedson, C. (author), Coecke, S. (author), Colombo, A. (author), Curren, R. (author), Dal Negro, G. (author), Goldberg, A. (author), Gosmore, C. (author), Hartung, T. (author), Langezaal, I. (author), Lessigiarska, I. (author), Maas, W. (author), Mangelsdorf, I. (author), Parchment, R. (author), Prieto, P. (author), Sintes, J.R. (author), Ryan, M. (author), Schmuck, G. (author), Stitzel, K. (author), Stokes, W. (author), Vericat, J.A. (author), Gribaldo, L. (author), TNO Voeding (author) article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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Brouwer, D.H. (author), Gijsbers, J.H.J. (author), Lurvink, M.W.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Recently, toxicological and epidemiological studies on health effects related to particle exposure suggest that 'ultrafine particles' (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <100 nm) may cause severe health effects after inhalation. Although the toxicological mechanisms for these effects have not yet been explained, it is apparent that...article 2004
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Bär, A. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Jonker, D. (author), de Vogel, N. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Alpha-cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (α-CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is an amylolytic enzyme used for the production of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a novel, soluble dietary fiber, from food-grade starch. The safety of an α-CGTase preparation obtained by batch fermentation from a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K12 harboring the α-CGTase gene from...article 2004
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Preller, L. (author), Burstyn, I. (author), de Pater, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Objectives: To determine which exposure metrics are sufficient to characterize 'peak' inhalation exposure to organic solvents (OS) during spraying operations. Methods: Personal exposure measurements (n = 27; duration 5-159 min) were collected during application of paints, primers, resins and glues in 15 companies. A MiniRAE Photolonization...article 2004
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Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), Smits-Van Prooije, A.E. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)In a standard embryotoxicity/teratogenicity study, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) was administered to groups of sixteen, artificially inseminated New Zealand White rabbits at dietary concentrations of 0, 5, 10, or 20%. An additional group received a diet containing 20% lactose. Treatment started on day 0 of gestation and ended on day 29 when the animals...article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004