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de Wever, B. (author), Fuchs, H.W. (author), Gaca, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Mikulowski, S. (author), Poth, A. (author), Roggen, E.L. (author), Vilà, M.R. (author)At the IVTIP (In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform) meeting of November 26th 2009 entitled 'Toxicology in the 21st century ('21C') - working our way towards a visionary reality' all delegates endorsed the emerging concept of the '21C' vision as the way forward to enable a thorough, reliable and systematic approach to future toxicity testing...article 2012
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- Louisse, J. (author) doctoral thesis 2012
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Stein, N.E. (author), Hamelers, H.V.M. (author), van Straten, G. (author), Keesman, K.J. (author)Polarization curves are of paramount importance for the detection of toxic components in microbial fuel cell (MFC) based biosensors. In this study, polarization curves were made under non-toxic conditions and under toxic conditions after the addition of various concentrations of nickel, bentazon, sodiumdodecyl sulfate and potassium ferricyanide....article 2012
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Louisse, J. (author), Verwei, M. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author)Introduction: Reliable in vitro and in silico assays as alternatives for in vivo developmental toxicity studies are urgently needed, for the replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) of animal use in toxicological research. Therefore, relevant biomarkers for in vivo developmental toxicity in in vitro assays are needed. Areas covered: The...article 2012
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Berg, N. (author), de Wever, B. (author), Fuchs, H.W. (author), Gaca, M. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Roggen, E.L. (author)In November 2009 the In Vitro Testing Industrial Platform (IVTIP) organized a meeting entitled '. Toxicology in the 21st century - working our way towards a visionary reality'. Participating delegates included scientists, key opinion leaders, developers and users of 3Rs-related tests and testing strategies. This paper summarizes the discussions...article 2011
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Höfer, T. (author), James, D. (author), Syversen, T. (author), Bowmer, T. (author)Data on acute lethal inhalation toxicity from animal studies are commonly required for assessing the hazards to human health of volatile, gaseous and dusty chemicals or their mixtures. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) made the provision of acute inhalation toxicity data a mandatory requirement for the carriage of bulk liquid...article 2011
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Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Developmental immunotoxicity assessment is considered ready for inclusion in developmental toxicity studies. Further evaluation of proposed and additional assays is needed to determine their utility in assessing developmental immunotoxicity. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters was included in an extended one-generation...article 2011
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Respiratory sensitization: Advances in assessing the risk of respiratory inflammation and irritationVandebriel, R. (author), Callant Cransveld, C. (author), Crommelin, D. (author), Diamant, Z. (author), Glazenburg, B. (author), Joos, G. (author), Kuper, F. (author), Natsch, A. (author), Nijkamp, F. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), Roberts, D. (author), Roggen, E. (author), Rorije, E. (author), Seed, M. (author), Sewald, K. (author), van den Heuvel, R. (author), van Engelen, J. (author), Verstraelen, S. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)Respiratory sensitization provides a case study for a new approach to chemical safety evaluation, as the prevalence of respiratory sensitization has increased considerably over the last decades, but animal and/or human experimental/predictive models are not currently available. Therefore, the goal of a working group was to design a road map to...article 2011
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Louisse, J. (author), Gönen, S. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Verwei, M. (author)The present study determines the relative developmental toxicity potencies of retinoids in the embryonic stem (ES)-D3 cell differentiation assay of the embryonic stem cell test, and compares the outcomes with their relative potencies in in vivo and two other in vitro assays for developmental toxicity. The results reveal that the potency ranking...article 2011
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Wijte, D. (author), Alblas, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author)The aim of the present study was to investigate toxic effects following phosgene exposure of human epithelial lung cells (A549) in vitro using a CULTEX® system. In particular, toxic effects regarding early biomarkers emerging during the latency period following exposure might be of great value for medical treatment. Cells cultured on semi...article 2011
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Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens - Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Slob, W. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Current developmental and reproductive toxicity protocols include only a limited set of parameters for effects on the developing immune system. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters were included in a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study. Dose-response data were compared to determine the relative sensitivity of...article 2010
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Savolainen, K. (author), Pylkkänen, L. (author), Norppa, H. (author), Falck, G. (author), Lindberg, H. (author), Tuomi, T. (author), Vippola, M. (author), Alenius, H. (author), Hämeri, K. (author), Koivisto, J. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), Mark, D. (author), Bard, D. (author), Berges, M. (author), Jankowska, E. (author), Posniak, M. (author), Farmer, P. (author), Singh, R. (author), Krombach, F. (author), Bihari, P. (author), Kasper, G. (author), Seipenbusch, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The significance of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and nanotechnologies grows rapidly. Nanotechnology applications may have a positive marked impact on many aspects of on human every day life, for example by providing means for the production of clean energy and pure drinking water. Hundreds of consumer nano-based products are already on the...article 2010
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Louisse, J. (author), de Jong, E. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Verwei, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)At present, regulatory assessment of systemic toxicity is almost solely carried out using animal models. The European Commission's REACH legislation stimulates the use of animal-free approaches to obtain information on the toxicity of chemicals. In vitro toxicity tests provide in vitro concentration-response curves for specific target cells,...article 2010
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Lamb, J. (author), Hentz, K. (author), Schmitt, D. (author), Tran, N. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Junker, K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The toxicity of sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) was examined in Wistar rats fed diets containing 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5% SSL for one year, equivalent to mean daily intakes of 558, 1115, and 2214. mg/kg/day in males and 670, 1339, and 2641. mg/kg/day in females, respectively. SSL was well tolerated at these dietary levels as evidenced by the absence...article 2010
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Jonker, D. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Maquet, V. (author), Nollevaux, G. (author), Gautier, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Chitin-glucan is an insoluble biopolymer, composed of chitin and beta-(1,3)-d-glucan, that is a component of the fungal cell wall. This study was conducted to assess the safety of chitin-glucan from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger (Artinia™ brand) for use as dietary supplement and food ingredient. Chitin-glucan was fed to Wistar rats (20/sex...article 2010
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Vink, S.R. (author), Mikkers, J. (author), Bouwman, T. (author), Marquart, H. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)REACH requests the exploration of alternative strategies for hazard identification before resorting to (in vivo) testing. Here, we combined read-across as non-testing strategy with a tiered exposure assessment for the risk characterisation of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) as a representative for phase-in substances to be registered under REACH....article 2010
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Escher, S.E. (author), Tluczkiewicz, I. (author), Batke, M. (author), Bitsch, A. (author), Melber, C. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Buist, H.E. (author), Mangelsdorf, I. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The thresholds of toxicological concern (TTCs) define limit values for substances of unknown toxicity below which dietary intake is considered to be of no concern to human health. The TTC concept has already been used for risk assessment of e.g. food contaminants or flavoring substances and is in discussion to be applied to other classes of...article 2010
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Jonker, D. (author), Hasselwander, O. (author), Tervilä-Wilo, A. (author), Tenning, P.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Beta-glucans are glucose polymers present in cereal grains, particularly barley and oat. Consumption of these grains or concentrated beta-glucan preparations has been shown to lower blood cholesterol. The present study was conducted to assess the safety of a high purity (>75%) barley beta-glucan (Glucagel™). The product was fed to Wistar rats (5...article 2010
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van Dartel, D.A.M. (author), Pennings, J.L.A. (author), Hendriksen, P.J.M. (author), van Schooten, F.J. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The Embryonic Stem cell Test (EST) is an in vitro alternative test designed for the prediction of embryotoxicity. The endpoint of the test is the interference with mesoderm-derived cardiac muscle differentiation observed under the microscope as beating muscle foci. The relative subjectivity of this endpoint, as well as the applicability domain...article 2009
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- Polhuijs, M. (author), Alblas, M.J. (author), Makkus, J.C. (author), van der Meer, J.A. (author), Mars-Groenendijk, R.H. (author), Groeneveld, F.R. (author), Norbart, M.E.W. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Lingen, J.N.J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author) conference paper 2009