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Müller, W. (author), Reinert, F. (author), Rieter-Barrell, Y. (author), Ditzel, M. (author), Rojer, J. (author), Barbero, F. (author), Martínez, J.M.N. (author), Svensson, K. (author), Arecchi, A. (author)In multinational defence operations, either EU or NATO driven, the exchange of surveillance and reconnaissance data and information is an essential aspect to provide to the commander the needed situational awareness. This improvement of situational awareness, especially in a maritime environment, may be achieved amongst others by extending the...conference paper 2020
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Eisele, C. (author), Seiffer, D. (author), Sucher, E. (author), Ullwer, C. (author), Kociok, T. (author), Sprung, D. (author), van Binsbergen, S. (author), Bijl, P. (author)In the framework of a NATO research group Fraunhofer IOSB and partners conducted a field trial in an arid shrub land environment in southern New Mexico (USA). The group investigates environmental limitations of fielded EO-TDAs (Electro-Optical Tactical Decision Aids). Main objective of the trial was to study the impact of the atmosphere on...conference paper 2019
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)Image-based Electro-Optical system simulation including an end-to-end performance test is a powerful tool to characterize a camera system before it has been built. In particular, it can be used in the design phase to make an optimal trade-off between performance on the one hand and SWaPC (Size, Weight, Power and Cost) criteria on the other....conference paper 2019
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Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Fuller, P. (author), Aartsen, R. (author), Jovanov, L. (author)Image-based Electro-Optical system simulation including an end-To-end performance test is a powerful tool to characterize a camera system before it has been built. In particular, it can be used in the design phase to make an optimal trade-off between performance on the one hand and SWaPC criteria on the other. During the design process, all...conference paper 2018
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Dijk, J. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Oppeneer, M. (author), ten Hove, R.J.M. (author), van Iersel, M. (author)The Electro-Optical Signal Transmission and Ranging (EOSTAR) model is an image-based Tactical Decision Aid (TDA) for thermal imaging systems (MWIR/LWIR) developed for a sea environment with an extensive atmosphere model. The Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) Target Acquisition model calculates the sensor and signal processing effects on...conference paper 2017
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Toet, A. (author)The Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) methodology includes i) a widely applicable, accurate end-to-end EO/IR sensor test, ii) an image-based sensor system model and iii) a Target Acquisition (TA) range model. The method has been extensively validated against TA field performance for a wide variety of well- and under-sampled imagers,...conference paper 2017
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Kessler, S. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Repasi, E. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and...conference paper 2017
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Repasi, E. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and...conference paper 2017
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)In this paper we present a new, analytical TOD model. The model provides an estimate of the TOD curve for an Optical, Electro-Optical or Thermal Infrared imaging system based on a limited number of essential system parameters. This is useful to get a quick Target Acquisition range prediction but also serves as a first order input to an image...conference paper 2016
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Bijl, P. (author), Kooi, F.L. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)End-to-end Electro-Optical system performance tests such as TOD, MRTD and MTDP require the effort of several trained human observers, each performing a series of visual judgments on the displayed output of the system. This significantly contributes to the costs of sensor testing. Currently, several synthetic human observer models exist that can...conference paper 2014
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Gosselink, G.A.B. (author), Anbeek, H. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)The Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test method was applied to characterize thermal and visual range performance of the Gatekeeper Electro Optical Security System. Gatekeeper developed by Thales Nederland BV, is currently in use with the Royal Netherlands Navy. The system houses uncooled infrared and colour TV cameras providing up to...conference paper 2013
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)The MRTD and MRC end-to-end EO/IR system tests and corresponding models, described in NATO STANAGs 4347-4351, lead to incorrect Target Acquisition (TA) range predictions for modern imaging systems that are 1) usually under-sampled and/or 2) contain complex signal processing. Considerable efforts have been made to develop tests and models that...conference paper 2012
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Dijk, J. (author), Schutte, K. (author), van Eekeren, A.W.M. (author), Bijl, P. (author)For many military operations situational awareness is of great importance. This situational awareness and related tasks such as Target Acquisition can be acquired using cameras, of which the resolution is an important characteristic. Super resolution reconstruction algorithms can be used to improve the effective sensor resolution. In order to...conference paper 2012
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Bijl, P. (author), Beintema, J.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author), van der Leden, N. (author)Moving imagery from a static scene was recorded with an uncooled thermal imager at nine different angular velocities ranging from 0 (static) to 1 pixel∕frame (3.75 deg ∕s) using a tilted rotating mirror. The scene contained a thermal acuity test chart with triangular test patterns based on the triangle orientation discrimination (TOD) test...article 2012
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Bijl, P. (author), Reynolds, J.P. (author), Vos, W.K. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Fanning, J.D. (author)The TTP (Targeting Task Performance) metric, developed at NVESD, is the current standard US Army model to predict EO/IR Target Acquisition performance. This model however does not have a corresponding lab or field test to empirically assess the performance of a camera system. The TOD (Triangle Orientation Discrimination) method, developed at TNO...conference paper 2011
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Bijl, P. (author), de Vries, S.C. (author)Video of visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) test charts in a complex background was recorded using a CCD color camera mounted on a computer-controlled tripod and was fed into real-time MPEG-2 compression/decompression equipment. The test charts were based on the triangle orientation discrimination (TOD) test method and contained...article 2010
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van Rossum, W.L. (author), de Wit, J.J.M. (author), Otten, M.P.G. (author), Huizing, A.G. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)This paper presents three valuable applications of scalable multifunction RF (SMRF) systems. These systems allow radar, ESM and communication functionality using a single front-end architecture. With the use of a novel system design tool, concepts for SMRF architectures for airborne, groundbased and naval application have been obtained based on...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Beintema, J.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author), van der Leden, N. (author)Moving imagery from a static scene was recorded with an un-cooled thermal imager at nine different angular velocities ranging from 0 (static) to 1 pixel/frame (3.75 deg/s) using a tilted rotating mirror. The scene contained a thermal acuity test chart with triangular test patterns based on the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)Detector sampling and optical blur are two major factors affecting Target Acquisition (TA) performance with modern EO and IR systems. In order to quantify their relative significance, we simulated five realistic LWIR and MWIR sensors from very under-sampled (detector pitch d >> diffraction blur Fλ) to well-sampled (Fλ >> d). Next, we...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), de Vries, S.C. (author)Video of Visual Acuity (VA) and Contrast Sensitivity (CS) test charts in a complex background was recorded using a CCD camera mounted on a computer-controlled tripod and fed into real-time MPEG2 compression/decompression equipment. The test charts were based on the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test method and contained triangle test...conference paper 2009
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