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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)Image-based Electro-Optical system simulation including an end-to-end performance test is a powerful tool to characterize a camera system before it has been built. In particular, it can be used in the design phase to make an optimal trade-off between performance on the one hand and SWaPC (Size, Weight, Power and Cost) criteria on the other....conference paper 2019
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Repasi, E. (author), Keßler, S. (author), Bijl, P. (author), ten Hove, R.J.M. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Wegner, D. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defense and...conference paper 2019
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Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Fuller, P. (author), Aartsen, R. (author), Jovanov, L. (author)Image-based Electro-Optical system simulation including an end-To-end performance test is a powerful tool to characterize a camera system before it has been built. In particular, it can be used in the design phase to make an optimal trade-off between performance on the one hand and SWaPC criteria on the other. During the design process, all...conference paper 2018
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Toet, A. (author)The Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) methodology includes i) a widely applicable, accurate end-to-end EO/IR sensor test, ii) an image-based sensor system model and iii) a Target Acquisition (TA) range model. The method has been extensively validated against TA field performance for a wide variety of well- and under-sampled imagers,...conference paper 2017
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Kessler, S. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Repasi, E. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and...conference paper 2017
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Repasi, E. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Labarre, L. (author), Wittenstein, W. (author), Bürsing, H. (author)ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and...conference paper 2017
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Bijl, P. (author), Kooi, F.L. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)End-to-end Electro-Optical system performance tests such as TOD, MRTD and MTDP require the effort of several trained human observers, each performing a series of visual judgments on the displayed output of the system. This significantly contributes to the costs of sensor testing. Currently, several synthetic human observer models exist that can...conference paper 2014
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Gosselink, G.A.B. (author), Anbeek, H. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)The Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test method was applied to characterize thermal and visual range performance of the Gatekeeper Electro Optical Security System. Gatekeeper developed by Thales Nederland BV, is currently in use with the Royal Netherlands Navy. The system houses uncooled infrared and colour TV cameras providing up to...conference paper 2013
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Laurent, N. (author), Lejard, C. (author), Deltel, G. (author), Bijl, P. (author)Night vision equipment is crucial in order to accomplish supremacy and safety of the troops on the battlefield. Evidently, system integrators, MODs and end-users need access to reliable quantitative characterization of the expected field performance when using night vision equipment. The Image Intensifier tube is one of the most important...conference paper 2013
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)The MRTD and MRC end-to-end EO/IR system tests and corresponding models, described in NATO STANAGs 4347-4351, lead to incorrect Target Acquisition (TA) range predictions for modern imaging systems that are 1) usually under-sampled and/or 2) contain complex signal processing. Considerable efforts have been made to develop tests and models that...conference paper 2012
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Bijl, P. (author), Reynolds, J.P. (author), Vos, W.K. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Fanning, J.D. (author)The TTP (Targeting Task Performance) metric, developed at NVESD, is the current standard US Army model to predict EO/IR Target Acquisition performance. This model however does not have a corresponding lab or field test to empirically assess the performance of a camera system. The TOD (Triangle Orientation Discrimination) method, developed at TNO...conference paper 2011
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Beintema, J.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author), van der Leden, N. (author)Moving imagery from a static scene was recorded with an un-cooled thermal imager at nine different angular velocities ranging from 0 (static) to 1 pixel/frame (3.75 deg/s) using a tilted rotating mirror. The scene contained a thermal acuity test chart with triangular test patterns based on the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Dijk, J. (author), Bijl, P. (author), van Eekeren, W.M. (author)Recently new techniques for night-vision cameras are developed. Digital image-intensifiers are becoming available on the market. Also, so-called EMCCD (electro-magnified) cameras are developed, which can also record imagery in dim conditions. In this paper we present data recorded with both types of cameras (image-intensifiers and EMCCD cameras)...conference paper 2010
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)Detector sampling and optical blur are two major factors affecting Target Acquisition (TA) performance with modern EO and IR systems. In order to quantify their relative significance, we simulated five realistic LWIR and MWIR sensors from very under-sampled (detector pitch d >> diffraction blur Fλ) to well-sampled (Fλ >> d). Next, we...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), de Vries, S.C. (author)Video of Visual Acuity (VA) and Contrast Sensitivity (CS) test charts in a complex background was recorded using a CCD camera mounted on a computer-controlled tripod and fed into real-time MPEG2 compression/decompression equipment. The test charts were based on the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD) test method and contained triangle test...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Beintema, J.A. (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Dijk, J. (author)In an extensive Target Acquisition (TA) performance study, we recorded static and dynamic imagery of a set of military and civilian two-handheld objects at a range of distances and aspect angles with an under-sampled uncooled thermal imager. Next, we applied signal processing techniques including DSR (Dynamic Super Resolution) and LACE (Local...conference paper 2008
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), Vos, W.K. (author)We developed a software framework for image-based simulation models in the chain: scene-atmosphere-sensor-image enhancement-display-human observer: EO-VISTA. The goal is to visualize the steps and to quantify (Target Acquisition) task performance. EO-VISTA provides an excellent means to systematically determine the effects of certain factors on...conference paper 2008
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Bijl, P. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Currently, three major approaches exist to predict Target Acquisition (TA) performance with thermal imagers: i) the TOD laboratory method and model, ii) the NVThermIP model and iii) the MTDP lab method and TRM3 model. In this study, TOD measurements, TOD predictions and NVThermIP predictions are compared for a number of simulated sensors ranging...conference paper 2007
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van Eekeren, A.W.M. (author), Schutte, K. (author), Dijk, J. (author), de Lange, D.J.J. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Unlike most Super-Resolution (SR) methods described in literature, which perform only SR reconstruction on the background of an image scene, we propose a framework that performs SR reconstruction simultaneously on the background and on moving objects. After registration of the background, moving objects are detected and to each moving object...conference paper 2006
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Bijl, P. (author), Schutte, K. (author), Hogervorst, M.A. (author)Current end-to-end sensor performance measures such as the TOD, MRT, DMRT and MTDP were developed to describe Target Acquisition performance for static imaging. Recent developments in sensor technology (e.g. microscan) and image enhancement techniques (e.g. Super Resolution and Scene-Based Non-Uniformity Correction) require that a sensor...conference paper 2006
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