Compositional and metabolic changes in damaged cartilage are peak- stress, stress-rate, and loading-duration dependent

The first objective of this study was to determine if the cumulative effects of impact or smoothly arising compression would damage the matrix of articular cartilage. Canine cartilage explants were subjected to repeated impacts or to smoothly arising compressions of as much as 20 MPa at 0.3 Hz for as long as 120 minutes. An increase in the water...

Apolipoprotein e4 allele and cognitive decline in elderly men

Objectives - To determine whether polymorphism of apolipoprotein E - notably, the e4 allele - predicts cognitive deterioration in the general population. Design - Population based cohort investigated in 1990 and in 1993. Setting - Zutphen, the Netherlands. Subjects - Representative cohort of 538 Dutch men aged 70-89 at baseline. Main outcome...

Molecular basis for fibrinogen Dusart (Aα 554 Arg → Cys) and its association with abnormal fibrin polymerization and thrombophilia

The molecular defect in the abnormal fibrinogen Dusart (Paris V) that is associated with thrombophilia was determined by sequence analysis of genomic DNA that had been amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. The propositus was heterozygous for a single base change (C → T) in the Aα- chain gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution Aα...

Models for recall and recognition

Enkele recente mathematische modellen voor het geheugen worden besproken en geevalueerd. Aan de orde komen o.a. associatieve netwerk modellen, modellen gebaseerd op zoekprocessen en modellen met een geditribueerde representatie (o.a. neurale netwerken). Het artikel gaat voorts in op de voor- en nadelen van dit type modellen in vergelijking met...

Variant-specific monoclonal and group-specific polyclonal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibodies raised with synthetic peptides from the gp120 third variable domain

The third variable (V3) domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) external membrane glycoprotein gp120 is of crucial importance in eliciting neutralizing antibodies in infected persons. Polyclonal (PAb) and monoclonal (MAb) antibodies directed against selected epitopes in the V3 domain are valuable tools for analysis of the...

Progress of fibrinolysis during tumor necrosis factor infusions in humans. Concomitant increase in tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, and fibrin(ogen) degradation products

Several investigators have reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can alter the production of plasminogen activator type-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activators (PAs) by endothelial cells in vitro. We have examined the in vivo effects of recombinant human TNF administration on fibrinolysis as assessed by parameters in plasma during a 24-hour...

Endotoxin induction of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 mRNA in rat tissues in vivo

The tissue-specific distribution of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (t-PA and u-PA) and their inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) was analyzed at mRNA level in five major rat organ tissues. t-PA mRNA was detected in lung, kidney, heart, and liver. u-PA mRNA was detected in kidney and lung. Presence of PA mRNA correlated with the...

Animal model of human disease. Multiple myeloma

Animal models of spontaneous and induced plasmacytomas in some inbred strains of mice have proven to be useful tools for different studies on tumorigenesis and immunoregulation. Their wide applicability and the fact that after their intravenous transplantation, the recipient mice developed bone lesions, led in some instances to an incorrect use...

Acetylcholine content and release in denervated or botulinum poisoned rat skeletal muscle

The acetylcholine (ACh) content and spontaneous and evoked release of ACh in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were determined by pyrolysis mass fragmentography. The determinations were made on muscles paralysed by local application of botulinum toxin (BoTx) type A, on unpoisoned muscles, surgically denervated or reinnervated muscles....

Significance of particle size of benzo(A)pyrene for the induction of respiratory tract tumours in hamsters

Enhancement by drugs of metastatic lung nodule formation after intravenous tumour cell injection

In studies on a model of induced pulmonary metastasis in mice a tumour host system was analysed which was not affected by immunogenicity of the tumour for the host; neither intensive immunosuppression nor immunization caused a significant change in the quantity of pulmonary metastatic nodules. In contrast the application of cytostatic drugs and...