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Kentrop, J. (author), Savransky, V. (author), Klaassen, S.D. (author), van Groningen, T. (author), Bohnert, S. (author), Cornelissen, A.S. (author), Cochrane, L. (author), Barry, J. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author)Nerve agent exposure is generally treated by an antidote formulation composed of a muscarinic antagonist, atropine sulfate (ATR), and a reactivator of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) such as pralidoxime, obidoxime (OBI), methoxime, trimedoxime or HI-6 and an anticonvulsant. Organophosphates (OPs) irreversibly inhibit AChE, the enzyme responsible for...article 2021
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Granneman, S.J. (author), Lubelli, B.A. (author), van Hees, R.P.J. (author)Weathering of porous building materials caused by the crystallization of soluble salts is a ubiquitous problem in the built cultural heritage. Especially lime-based mortars are susceptible to salt decay, due to both their bimodal pore size distribution and low mechanical strength. The addition of crystallization modifiers to mortars during...article 2019
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Glasius, M. (author), Hansen, A.M.K. (author), Claeys, M. (author), Henzing, J.S. (author), Jedynska, A.D. (author), Kasper-Giebl, A. (author), Kistler, M. (author), Kristensen, K. (author), Martinsson, J. (author), Maenhaut, W. (author), Nøjgaard, J.K. (author), Spindler, G. (author), Stenström, K.E. (author), Swietlicki, E. (author), Szidat, S. (author), Simpson, D. (author), Yttri, K.E. (author)Sources of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in atmospheric aerosols (carbonaceous aerosols) were investigated by collection of weekly aerosol filter samples at six background sites in Northern Europe (Birkenes, Norway; Vavihill, Sweden; Risoe, Denmark; Cabauw and Rotterdam in The Netherlands; Melpitz, Germany) during winter 2013....article 2018
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Efficacy of atropine sulfate/obidoxime chloride co-formulation against sarin exposure in guinea pigsJoosen, M.J.A. (author), Klaassen, S.D. (author), Verheij, E. (author), van Groningen, T. (author), Cornelissen, A.S. (author), Skiadopoulos, M.H. (author), Cochrane, L. (author), Shearer, J.D. (author)The efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the aqueous co-formulation contents of the Trobigard™ (atropine sulfate, obidoxime chloride) auto-injector were evaluated in a sarin exposed guinea pig model. Two subcutaneous (sc) sarin challenge doses were evaluated in guinea pigs instrumented with brain and heart electrodes for electroencephalogram (EEG)...article 2018
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Granneman, S.J.C. (author), Lubelli, B. (author), van Hees, R.P.J. (author)Although salt crystallization damage is a widespread damage process in the porous materials of our built cultural heritage, no definite solution yet exists to improve the durability of materials with respect to salt crystallization. Most research focuses on improving material properties, whereas only few studies concentrate on changing the...conference paper 2016
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van Laarhoven, K.A. (author), Huinink, H.P. (author), Segers, F.J.J. (author), Dijksterhuis, J. (author), Adan, O.C.G. (author)To prevent indoor fungal growth, understanding the moisture relations of fungi is a key element. Indoor moisture is quantified by the relative humidity (RH). RH controls the water activity of the indoor materials that fungi grow on, a well-studied parameter known to limit fungal growth. RH, however, also controls the amount of water present in...article 2015
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Minguillón, M.C. (author), Cirach, M. (author), Hoek, G. (author), Brunekreef, B. (author), Tsai, M. (author), de Hoogh, K. (author), Jedynska, A. (author), Kooter, I.M. (author), Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (author), Querol, X. (author)Trace and major elements concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at 20 sites spread in the Barcelona metropolitan area (1 rural background, 6 urban background, 13 road traffic sites) and at 1 reference site. Three 2-week samples per site and size fraction were collected during 2009 using low volume samplers, adding a total of 120 samples....article 2014
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Hettne, K.M. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), van Dartel, D.A.M. (author), Goeman, J.J. (author), de Jong, E. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Kleinjans, J.C. (author), Kors, J.A. (author)Background: Availability of chemical response-specific lists of genes (gene sets) for pharmacological and/or toxic effect prediction for compounds is limited. We hypothesize that more gene sets can be created by next-generation text mining (next-gen TM), and that these can be used with gene set analysis (GSA) methods for chemical treatment...article 2013
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Corbel, J.M.L. (author), van Lingen, J.N.J. (author), Zevenbergen, J.F. (author), Gijzeman, O.L.J. (author), Meijerink, A. (author)Strobe compositions belong to the class of solid combustions. They are mixtures of powdered ingredients. When ignited, the combustion front evolves in an oscillatory fashion, and flashes of light are produced by intermittence. They have fascinated many scientists since their discovery at the beginning of the 20th century. However, the chemical...article 2012
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Banzhaf, S. (author), Schaap, M. (author), Kerschbaumer, A. (author), Reimer, E. (author), Stern, R. (author), van der Swaluw, E. (author), Builtjes, P. (author)The Chemistry Transport Model REM-Calgrid (RCG) has been improved by implementing an enhanced description of aqueous-phase chemistry and wet deposition processes including droplet pH. A sensitivity study on cloud and rain droplet pH has been performed to investigate its impact on model sulphate production and gas wet scavenging. Air...article 2012
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Stein, N.E. (author), Hamelers, H.V.M. (author), van Straten, G. (author), Keesman, K.J. (author)Polarization curves are of paramount importance for the detection of toxic components in microbial fuel cell (MFC) based biosensors. In this study, polarization curves were made under non-toxic conditions and under toxic conditions after the addition of various concentrations of nickel, bentazon, sodiumdodecyl sulfate and potassium ferricyanide....article 2012
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Fountoukis, C. (author), Racherla, P.N. (author), Denier Van Der Gon, H.A.C. (author), Polymeneas, P. (author), Charalampidis, P.E. (author), Pilinis, C. (author), Wiedensohler, A. (author), Dall'Osto, M. (author), O'Dowd, C. (author), Pandis, S.N. (author)PMCAMx-2008, a detailed three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM), was applied to Europe to simulate the mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) during May 2008. The model includes a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module which is based on the volatility basis set framework treating both primary and...article 2011
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Kälin, S. (author), Amstutz, B. (author), Gastaldelli, M. (author), Wolfrum, N. (author), Boucke, K. (author), Havenga, M. (author), DiGennaro, F. (author), Liska, N. (author), Hemmi, S. (author), Greber, U.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Human adenovirus serotype 35 (HAdV-35; here referred to as Ad35) causes kidney and urinary tract infections and infects respiratory organs of immunocompromised individuals. Unlike other adenoviruses, Ad35 has a low seroprevalence, which makes Ad35-based vectors promising candidates for gene therapy. Ad35 utilizes CD46 and integrins as receptors...article 2010
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Roelofs, G.-J. (author), ten Brink, H. (author), Kiendler-Scharr, A. (author), de Leeuw, G. (author), Mensah, A. (author), Minikin, A. (author), Otjes, R. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)In May 2008 the measurement campaign IMPACT for observation of atmospheric aerosol and cloud properties was conducted in Cabauw (The Netherlands). With a nudged version of the coupled aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM we simulate aerosol and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) for the campaign period. Synoptic scale meteorology is represented...article 2010
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Astitha, M. (author), Kallos, G. (author), Spyrou, C. (author), O'Hirok, W. (author), Lelieveld, J. (author), van der Denier Gon, H.A.C. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Detailed information on the chemical and physical properties of aerosols is important for assessing their role in air quality and climate. This work explores the origin and fate of continental aerosols transported over the Central Atlantic Ocean, in terms of chemical composition, number and size distribution, using chemistry-transport models,...article 2010
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van de Briel, R.J. (author), Pennings, J.L.A. (author), Baken, K.A. (author), Pronk, T.E. (author), Boorsma, A. (author), Gottschalk, R. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Many chemicals can induce allergic contact dermatitis. Because evaluation of skin sensitizing potential by animal testing is prohibited for cosmetics, and screening of many chemicals is required within Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, urgent need exists for predictive in vitro assays to identify contact...article 2010
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van Spil, W.E. (author), de Groot, J. (author), Lems, W.F. (author), Oostveen, J.C.M. (author), Lafeber, F.P.J.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Context: Molecules that are released into biological fluids during matrix metabolism of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial tissue could serve as biochemical markers of the process of osteoarthritis (OA). Unfortunately, actual breakthroughs in the biochemical OA marker field are limited so far. Objective: By reviewing the status...article 2010
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Schaap, M. (author), Otjes, R.P. (author), Weijers, E.P. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)Secondary inorganic aerosol, most notably ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate, is an important contributor to ambient particulate mass and provides a means for long range transport of acidifying components. The modelling of the formation and fate of these components is challenging. Especially, the formation of the semi-volatile ammonium...article 2010
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End, C. (author), Bikker, F.J. (author), Renner, M. (author), Bergmann, G. (author), Lyer, S. (author), Blaich, S. (author), Hudler, M. (author), Helmke, B. (author), Gassler, N. (author), Autschbach, F. (author), Ligtenberg, A.J.M. (author), Benner, A. (author), Holmskov, U. (author), Schirmacher, P. (author), Nieuw Amerongen, A.V. (author), Rosenstiel, P. (author), Sina, C. (author), Franke, A. (author), Hafner, M. (author), Kioschis, P. (author), Schreiber, S. (author), Poustka, A. (author), Mollenhauer, J. (author)Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is a secreted glycoprotein displaying a broad bacterial-binding spectrum. Recent functional and genetic studies linked DMBT1 to the suppression of LPS-induced TLR4-mediated NF-kappaB activation and to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Here, we aimed at unraveling the molecular basis of its function...article 2009
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Zhang, Y.-C. (author), Slomp, C.P. (author), Broers, H.P. (author), Passier, H.F. (author), van Cappellen, P. (author), TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author)This study focuses on denitrification in a sandy aquifer using geochemical analyses of both sediment and groundwater, combined with groundwater age dating (<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He). The study sites are located underneath cultivated fields and an adjacent forested area at Oostrum, The Netherlands. Shallow groundwater in the region has high...article 2009