Configuring the digital city of Amsterdam: Social learning in experimentation

Design and dispersion of new socio-technological configurations are studied by many varying sorts of scientific disciplines, ranging from communication studies to technology studies. In this article, the configuration and appropriation of new socio-technical constituencies are studied and subsequently interpreted in terms of a rather novel...

Translation resources, merging strategies, and relevance feedback for cross-language information retrieval

This paper describes the official runs of the Twenty-One group for the first CLEF workshop. The Twenty-One group participated in the monolingual, bilingual and multilingual tasks. The following new techniques are introduced in this paper. In the bilingual task we experimented with different methods to estimate translation probabilities. In the...

The fundamentals of structural building codes

Partial Factor Design is nowadays a generally accepted design method for building and civil engineering structures. For most engineers the general philosophy that the safety factors depend on the type of the load and on the limit state under consideration makes sense. However, the background, in particular the reliability aspect, seems to be...

Energy Market Trends in the Netherlands 2001

Energy Market Trends in the Netherlands 2001 satisfies a need for anoverview of information for a broad spectrum of people interested in the Dutch energy market.Information about developments in the energy market is presented in two ways in each part. Factual information about developments in the energy market is presented in Overview. After...

Health policies on target?: Review on health target setting in 18 European countries

Background: In 1984 the European region of the World Health organisation (WHO) adopted 38 targets within the framework of the 'Health for All by the Year 2000' strategy: With the presentation of a renewed Health for All strategy in September 1998, it was considered an appropriate moment to review the use made of health targets in various...

Knowledge-based sampling strategy for soil stockpiles

Over the last three years the Centre for Soil Treatment has sampled 2570 soil stockpiles for the assessment of soil quality. For all stockpiles the same sampling strategy was used. 100 increments of approximately 180 grams were taken and collected into two batch samples. Appropriate sample pre-treatment and analyses resulted in two sets of...

ICT tools for improving the competitiveness of the LSE industry

This paper describes an analysis of Product Data and Information Technologies (PDIT) which are available to support processes in Large Scale Engineer-ing (LSE), particularly those which are construction related. Three main areas are addressed: supporting environment; systems and technologies; and application software. On-going and future...

Toxicology of chemical mixtures: International perspective

This paper reviews major activities outside the United States on human health issues related to chemical mixtures. In Europe an international study group on combination effects has been formed and has started by defining synergism and antagonism. Successful research programs in Europe include the development and application of statistically...

Development and demonstration of a method to monitor the effects of measures to reduce VOC emissions in the EU. LIFE 95/NL/A11/NL/365/ZHL [1996-1998] (Final Report )

In 1996, TNO was granted by the European Commission to carry out in the framework of the LIFE programme a project entitled "Development and dem-onstration of a method to monitor the effects of measures to reduce VOC emis-sions in the EU". An additional grant was supplied by the Dutch Ministry for Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment....

Improving productivity by workers participation

Review of Probability based Limit State Design

The basic principles of probability based methods for the design and operation of offshore structures are presented. Basic formulae of the Load and Resistance Factor Design method, as well as the calibration principles are given and discussed. Design procedures in present day codes of practice are reviewed in the light of recent developments....

TNO Strategy 2000 Strategy document Making technology work ; abridged version

Knowledge and strategies in diagnostic skill

A theoretical framework for diagnosis in technical environments is presented, consisting of three layers. At the first layer, the task structure, top-level goals of the diagnostic tasks are identified that have to be fulfilled during task execution. This task structure may also be viewed as a global strategy to carry out the diagnostic task. The...

A unified control strategy for the active reduction of sound and vibration

The generalized minimum variance (GMV) control strategy is proposed as an effective strategy for active sound and vibration control systems. The GMV strategy is shown to unify well-known adaptive filtering approaches based on LMS-type algorithms and purely feedback strategies as used in other types of control systems. The shortcomings of the LMS...

Contaminated Soil '90. 3rd International KfK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil. Held at: Karlsruhe, Germany, 10-14 December 1990 (Volume 1 en 2)

Strategie voor de jaren negentig

Engelse versie: Strategy for the nineties

Working paper on monitoring strategies in the United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany and United States of America

This study is a working paper on monitoring strategies used in the U.K., the FRG and the USA to assess exposure to airborne chemical substances. After a brief description of the basic philosophy on monitoring strategies, the requirements formonitoring from the different legal systems in the three countries are presented. The monitoring...