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Wolken, W.A.M. (author), Tramper, J. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author)Many organisms have the ability to form spores, a remarkable phase in their life cycles. Compared with vegetative cells, spores have several advantages (e.g. resistance to toxic compounds, temperature, desiccation and radiation) making them well suited to various applications. The applications of spores that first spring to mind are bio-warfare...article 2003
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TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author), Kiely, M. (author), Faughnan, M. (author), Wähälä, K. (author), Brants, H. (author), Mulligan, A. (author)The objective of the Vegetal Estrogens in Nutrition and the Skeleton (VENUS) project was to evaluate existing data on dietary exposure to compounds with oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic effects present in plant foods as constituents or contaminants, and to identify and disseminate in vitro and in vivo methodologies to analyse the effects of such...article 2003
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Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding (author), Valtueña, S. (author), Cashman, K. (author), Robins, S.P. (author), Cassidy, A. (author), Kardinaal, A. (author), Branca, F. (author)Research on the bone effects of natural phyto-oestrogens after menopause is at a relatively early stage. Published studies are few, difficult to compare and often inconclusive, due in part to design weaknesses. Currently, many questions remain to be answered including to what extent a safe daily intake may prevent postmenopausal bone loss. These...article 2003
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Gaubius Instituut TNO (author), Skouby, S.O. (author), Jespersen, J. (author), Kluft, C. (author), Lowe, G.D.O. (author), Norris, L. (author), Stevenson, J. (author), Samsioe, G. (author)Oral contraceptives (OCs) have a wide spread use and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) a clear place in the treatment of climacteric symptoms although its long-term use is under continued evaluation. Unbalanced information from the mass media has presented a negative attitude towards the use of female hormones in relation to cardiovascular...article 2003
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van der Heijden, P.G.M. (author), van Puijenbroek, E.P. (author), van Buuren, S. (author), van der Hofstede, J.W. (author)A well-known problem in spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is under-reporting, that is, the problem that not all occurrences of ADRs are reported to the SRS. We look at the question of how to draw statistical conclusions from analyses of SRS data using reporting odds ratios. We will show that certain under...article 2002
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Poelmans, S. (author), de Wasch, K. (author), de Brabander, H.F. (author), van de Wiele, M. (author), Courtheyn, D. (author), van Ginkel, L.A. (author), Sterk, S.S. (author), Delahaut, Ph. (author), Dubois, M. (author), Schilt, R. (author), Nielen, M. (author), Vercammen, J. (author), Impens, S. (author), Stephany, R. (author), Hamoir, T. (author), Pottie, G. (author), van Poucke, C. (author), van Peteghem, C. (author)In sports doping, as well in man as in horseracing, stanozolol (Stan) was abused and became the subject of metabolism research. Also in veterinary practice, stanozolol became an important misused anabolic steroid. Like most other anabolic steroids, stanozolol has poor gas chromatographic behavior. It is difficult to detect in urine, because of...article 2002
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Tryfonidou, M.A. (author), Stevenhagen, J.J. (author), van den Bemd, G.J.C.M. (author), Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis, M.A. (author), Deluca, H.F. (author), Mol, J.A. (author), van den Brom, W.E. (author), van Leeuwen, J.P.T.M. (author), Hazewinkel, H.A.W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Hormonal regulation of calcium (Ca) absorption was investigated in a cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)supplemented group (hVitD) vs. a control group (cVitD) of growing Great Danes (100 vs. 12.5 μg vitamin D3/kg diet). Although Ca intakes did not differ, fractional Ca absorption was significantly lower in the hVitD group than in the cVitD group. There...article 2002
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Verhoeven, A.C. (author), Boers, M. (author), te Koppele, J.M. (author), van der Laan, W.H. (author), Markusse, H.M. (author), Geusens, P. (author), van der Linden, S. (author), Gaubius Instituut (author)Objectives. Exploration of bone metabolism changes at different levels of disease activity, both with and without oral corticosteroid therapy, and prediction of changes in joint damage and bone density from the observed changes in markers of bone turnover. Methods. Data analysis from a randomized clinical trial with 155 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...article 2001
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Post, S.M. (author), Duez, H. (author), Gervois, P.P. (author), Staels, B. (author), Kuipers, F. (author), Princen, H.M.G. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Fibrates are hypolipidemic drugs that affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Fibrate treatment causes adverse changes in biliary lipid composition and decreases bile acid excretion, leading to an increased incidence of cholesterol gallstones. In this study,...article 2001
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Izeboud, C.A. (author), Vermeulen, R.M. (author), Zwart, A. (author), Vos, H.P. (author), van Miert, A.S.J.P.A.M. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author)Previous research has shown that β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonists have potent anti-inflammatory capabilities, e.g. represented by suppression of release of the proinflammatory cytokines. Aim of this research was to determine whether the effects of β-agonists on LPS-induced TNFα and IL-10 release are influenced by their different stereochemistry....article 2000
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Sartorelli, P. (author), Andersen, H.R. (author), Angerer, J. (author), Corish, J. (author), Drexler, H. (author), Göen, T. (author), Griffin, P. (author), Hotchkiss, S.A.M. (author), Larese, F. (author), Montomoli, L. (author), Perkins, J. (author), Schmelz, M. (author), van de Sandt, J. (author), Williams, F. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)During the last few years the general interest in the percutaneous absorption of chemicals has increased. It is generally accepted that there is very few reliable quantitative and qualitative data on dermal exposure to chemicals in the general population and in occupationally exposed workers. In order to predict the systemic risk of dermally...article 2000
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Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), Ganga, A. (author), van Lent, P.L.E.M. (author), van de Putte, L.B.A. (author), van Venrooij, W.J. (author)Objective. Sulfasalazine (SSZ) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. In both diseases, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays a prominent role. In these studies, we investigated the mechanism by which SSZ inhibits TNFα expression in...article 2000
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Department of Pharmacology (author), Langeveld-Wildschut, E.G. (author), Riedl, H. (author), Thepen, T. (author), Bihari, I.C. (author), Bruijnzeel, P.L.B. (author), Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C.A.F.M. (author)Background: Pharmacologic studies in atopic eczema (AE) are difficult to standardize. Patients with AE differ in the stage of their skin disease (acute, subacute, chronic). Objective: This study was designed to assess macroscopic and microscopic effects of pretreatment with topical glucocortico-steroids (GCSs) and tar on the atopy patch test ...article 2000
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van Puymbroeck, M. (author), Kuilman, M.E.M. (author), Maas, R.F.M. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), Leyssens, L. (author), van Miert, A.S.J.P.A.M. (author), Hendriks, L. (author), van der Zande, D.J.M. (author), Adriaensens, P. (author), Jacobs, M.-P. (author), Raus, J. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The metabolism of the illegal growth promoter ethylestrenol (EES) was evaluated in bovine liver cells and subcellular fractions of bovine liver preparations. Incubations with bovine microsomal preparations revealed that EES is extensively biotransformed into norethandrolone (NE), another illegal growth promoter. Furthermore, incubations of...article 1999
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Turnbull, D. (author), Frankos, V.H. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)To test for potential estrogenic activity of plant stanols and plant stanol esters, two short-term tests were performed. These were the E-screen test, which measures a substance's ability to induce proliferation of estrogen-responsive human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells in culture, and an in vivo test, which measures uterotrophic activity...article 1999
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Gaubius instituut TNO (author), Post, S.M. (author), Twisk, J. (author), van der Fits, L. (author), de Wit, E.C.M. (author), Hoekman, M.F.M. (author), Mager, W.H. (author), Princen, H.M.G. (author)Lipoproteins may supply substrate for the formation of bile acids, and the amount of hepatic cholesterol can regulate bile-acid synthesis and increase cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression. However, the effect of lipoprotein cholesterol on sterol 27-hydroxylase expression and the role of different lipoproteins in regulating both enzymes are not...article 1999
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Gaubius instituut TNO (author), Koopen, N.R. (author), Post, S.M. (author), Wolters, H. (author), Havinga, R. (author), Stellaard, F. (author), Boverhof, R. (author), Kuipers, F. (author), Princen, H.M.G. (author)Effects of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE) on the neutral and acidic biosynthetic pathways of bile salt (BS) synthesis were evaluated in rats with an intact enterohepatic circulation and in rats with long-term bile diversion to induce BS synthesis. For this purpose, bile salt pool composition, synthesis of individual BS in vivo, hepatic activities...article 1999
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Lansink, M. (author), Koolwijk, P. (author), van Hinsbergh, V. (author), Kooistra, T. (author), Gaubius Instituut TNO (author)Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary blood vessels, is a feature of a variety of pathological processes. To study the effects of a specific group of hormones (all ligands of the steroid/retinoid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily) on the angiogenic process in humans, we have used a model system in which human microvascular endothelial...article 1998
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Kardinaal, A.F.M. (author), Morton, M.S. (author), Brüggemann-Rotgans, I.E.M. (author), van Beresteijn, E.C.H. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)Objective: The hypothesis was tested that the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is inversely associated with long-term urinary excretion of phyto-oestrogens, as a marker of habitual dietary intake. Design: Secondary analysis of a 10-year follow-up study (1979-1989) among postmenopausal women in the Netherlands. Subjects: From the original...article 1998
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Srikumar, T.S. (author), Wezendonk, B. (author), van Dokkum, W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)In the present pilot study, for investigating the physiological effects of different types of nondigestible oligosaccharides, we have validated the application of methodologies for the analysis of bile acids and neutral steroids in feces of human subjects. The accuracy of the extraction and chromatographic procedures for the analyses of bile...article 1998