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Heringa, M.B. (author), Peters, R.J.B. (author), Bleys, R.L.A.W. (author), van der Lee, M.K. (author), Tromp, P.C. (author), van Kesteren, P.C.E. (author), van Eijkeren, J.C.H. (author), Undas, A.K. (author), Oomen, A.G. (author), Bouwmeester, H. (author)Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is produced at high volumes and applied in many consumer and food products. Recent toxicokinetic modelling indicated the potential of TiO2 to accumulate in human liver and spleen upon daily oral exposure, which is not routinely investigated in chronic animal studies. A health risk from nanosized TiO2 particle...article 2018
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Schaudien, D. (author), Harleman, J.H. (author), Bouallala, F. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Toxicologic pathology plays a crucial role in the identification and interpretation of substance-induced health effects. Histology of lymphoid organs is quite sensitive, although it does not flag every model immunotoxic substance. Subtle interferences of toxic compounds, like transmembrane signaling and cell activation, are often not detectable...bookPart 2018
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Ruehl-Fehlert, C. (author), Parker, G.A. (author), Elmore, S.A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Cells of the immune system are found in every organ, from the classic lymphoid organs to tissues such as liver, mucosae, and omental adipose tissue. Toxicity to the immune system may be from a direct or indirect injury to lymphoid organs. The morphological responses range from lymphocyte depletion to proliferation, and may result in an increased...bookPart 2017
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Kooijman, S. (author), Meurs, I. (author), van der Stoep, M. (author), Habets, K.L. (author), Lammers, B. (author), Berbée, J.F.P. (author), Havekes, L.M. (author), van Eck, M. (author), Romijn, J.A. (author), Korporaal, S.J.A. (author), Rensen, P.C.N. (author)Summary: Background: The autonomic nervous system attenuates inflammation through activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), a pathway termed the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex. Interestingly, α7nAChR is expressed on immune cells and platelets, both of which play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis....article 2015
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Schaudien, D. (author), Harleman, H. (author), Bouallala, F. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author)Toxicologic pathology plays a crucial role in the identification and interpretation of substance-induced health effects. Histology of lymphoid organs is quite sensitive, although it does not flag every model immunotoxic substance. Subtle interferences of toxic compounds, like transmembrane signaling and cell activation, are often not detectable...bookPart 2014
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Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author)The susceptibility of developing immune system to chemical disruption warrants the assessment of immune parameters in reproductive and developmental testing protocols. In this study, a wide range of immune endpoints was included in an extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study (EOGRTS) design to determine the relative sensitivity of...article 2013
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Tonk, E.C.M. (author), de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Waalkens - Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Slob, W. (author), Piersma, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Current developmental and reproductive toxicity protocols include only a limited set of parameters for effects on the developing immune system. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters were included in a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study. Dose-response data were compared to determine the relative sensitivity of...article 2010
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Kel, J.M. (author), Slütter, B. (author), Drijfhout, J.W. (author), Koning, F. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Tolerance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice can be induced by immunization with a mannosylated form of the proteolipid protein (M-PLP139-151), despite the presence of CFA. The state of tolerance is characterized by poor delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and the absence of clinical EAE symptoms. In vivo...article 2008
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de Jonge, J.D. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Probiotics are claimed to beneficially affect the immune system and their involvement in allergy prevention is being investigated extensively. However, the efficacy of probiotics in allergy prevention remains controversial. We investigated whether the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) could modulate the food allergic response against...article 2008
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Kel, J.M. (author), de Geus, E.D. (author), van Stipdonk, M.J. (author), Drijfhout, J.W. (author), Koning, F. (author), Nagelkerken, L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)In this study, we investigated the development of T cell responses in mice after administration of a mannosylated ovalbumin peptide (M-OVA323-339). Immunization with M-OVA323-339 in complete adjuvant resulted in enhanced antigen presentation in draining lymph nodes. Monitoring the fate of CFSE-labeled ovalbumin peptide-specific TCR transgenic...article 2008
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Blum, R. (author), Kiy, T. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I. (author), Wong, A.W. (author), Roberts, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are natural constituents of the human diet. DHA-algal oil is produced through the use of the marine protist, Ulkenia sp. The reproductive toxicity of DHA-algal oil was assessed in a one-generation study. Rats were provided diets containing DHA-algal oil at concentrations of 1.5,...article 2007
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de Jonge, J.D. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Odink, J. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This report describes the further development of a peanut allergy model in Brown Norway (BN) rats and in particular the importance of allergen-free breeding of the laboratory animals for the allergen to be used. For this purpose BN rats were bred for 3 generations on soy- and peanut-free feed since it is known that the legumes peanut and soy are...article 2007
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de Jonge, J.D. (author), Ezendam, J. (author), Knippels, L.M.J. (author), Odink, J. (author), Pourier, M.S. (author), Penninks, A.H. (author), Pieters, R. (author), van Loveren, H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Other factors than the allergen itself may be of importance in the development of food allergy. This report describes the influence of the immunosuppressive compound bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO), present in the food chain, on the development of food allergy to peanut or ovalbumin in Brown Norway (BN) rats. To study these effects BN rats were...article 2007
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Suwa, Y. (author), Fujikawa, S. (author), Ishikura, Y. (author), Tsuda, S. (author), Dohnalek, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are natural constituents found in human milk, fish oil or egg yolk. Until recently, infant formulas, though providing the essential fatty acid precursors for these PUFAs, did not contain preformed ARA or DHA. In this study the safety of SUNTGA40S...article 2006
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Wang, C. (author), Chou, Y.K. (author), Rich, C.M. (author), Link, J.M. (author), Afentoulis, M.E. (author), van Noort, J.M. (author), Wawrousek, E.F. (author), Offner, H. (author), van den Bark, A.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Alpha B-crystallin (αB) is a small heat shock protein that is strongly up-regulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue, and can induce strong T cell responses. Assessing a potential encephalitogenic function for αB protein in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been challenging due to its ubiquitous expression that...article 2006
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Heijne, W.H.M. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Benzene is an industrial chemical, component of automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. After hepatic bioactivation benzene induces bone marrow, blood and hepatic toxicity. Using a toxicogenomics approach this study analysed the effects of benzene at three dose levels on gene expression in the liver after 28 daily doses. NMR based metabolomics...article 2005
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de Boer, V.C.J. (author), Dihal, A.A. (author), van der Woude, H. (author), Arts, I.C.W. (author), Wolffram, S. (author), Alink, G.M. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Keijer, J. (author), Hollman, P.C.H. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Quercetin is a dietary polyphenolic compound with potentially beneficial effects on health. Claims that quercetin has biological effects are based mainly on in vitro studies with quercetin aglycone. However, quercetin is rapidly metabolized, and we have little knowledge of its availability to tissues. To assess the long-term tissue distribution...article 2005
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Lina, B.A.R. (author), Bär, A. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The toxicity of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of six α-1,4-linked glucopyranosyl units with potential applications as a food ingredient, more specifically a water-soluble dietary fiber, was examined in a 4-week range finding study and a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. In the 4-week study, the test substance was administered to...article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals in female B6C3F1 mice was evaluated under the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). A workgroup was formed consisting of four pathologists who conducted extended histopathological evaluation of lymphoid tissues obtained from a subset of NTP toxicology studies,...article 2004
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Germolec, D.R. (author), Nyska, A. (author), Kashon, M. (author), Kuper, C.F. (author), Portier, C. (author), Kommineni, C. (author), Johnson, K.A. (author), Luster, M.I. (author), TNO Voeding (author)There has been considerable interest in the use of expanded histopathology as a primary screen for immunotoxicity assessment. To determine the utility of a semiquantitative histopathology approach for examining specific structural and architectural changes in lymphoid tissues, a validation effort was initiated. This study addresses the...article 2004